bio 19
Terms
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- bacillus
- aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium
- coccus
- spherical prokaryotes
- sterilization
- destroys bacteria by subjecting them either to great heat or to chemical action
- Alexander Fleming
- English bacteriologist who discovered penicillin (1881-1955)
- retrovirus
- a virus that contains RNA as its genetic information
- E. coli
- rod-shaped bacterium native to the intestines of mammals
- lysogenic infection
- host cell makes copies of itself indefinately
- viruses
- particles of nucleic acid, protein, and in some cases lipids that can reproduce only by infecting living cells
- chemoautotrophs
- obtain energy directly from inorganic molecules
- Pasteur
- French chemist and biologist whose discovery that fermentation is caused by microorganisms resulted in the process of pasteurization (1822-1895)
- nitrogen fixation
- the process of converting nitrogen into a form plants can use
- vaccine
- immunogen consisting of a suspension of weakened or dead pathogenic cells injected in order to stimulate the production of antibodies
- peptidoglycan
- determines strength and shape of the bacterium and also determines how a bacterium will react to anti-biotics; found in the walls of bacteria
- lytic infection
- process in which a virus enters a cell, makes a copy of itself, and causes the cell to burst
- binary fission
- when a prokaryote has grown so that it has nearly doubled in size, it replicates its DNA and divides in half, producion two identical daughter cells
- prion
- protein infectious particles with no DNA or RNA
- Gram negative
- thick lipid layer and only 1 thin layer of peptidoglycan appear pink under microscope
- pathogen
- any disease-causing agent
- capsid
- virus's outer protein coat; includes protens that enable a virus to enter a host cell
- antibiotic
- compounds that block the growth and reproduction of bacteria
- flagella
- whiplike structures used for movement
- bacteriophage
- viruses that infect bacteria
- conjugation
- exchange of genetic material from one cell to another; a hollow bridge forms between two cells, and genes move from one cell to another
- Gram positive
- Turns Purple due to Thick Walls
- botulism
- food poisoning from ingesting botulin
- Rhizobium
- symbiotic bacterium that lives in nodules on roots of specific legumes and fixes nitrogen gas from the air into a form of nitrogen plants require
- photoautotrophs
- organisms that use the sun to generate their own food
- photohetotrophs
- photosynthetic organisms but also need organic compounds for nutrition
- prokaryote
- singlr-celled organism w/ no nucleus
- endospore
- forms when bacterium produces a thick internal wall that encloses its DNA and a portion of its cytoplasm
- spirilla
- spiral and corkscrew-shaped prokaryotes
- incubator
- apparatus consisting of a box designed to maintain a constant temperature by the use of a thermostat; promotes growth and development