World History Chap. 14 Sec. 2&3
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Three Field System
- Farmers could grow crops on two-thirds of their land each year, not just half of it.
- Burghers
- Town dwellers
- Vernacular
- Use of language used everyday in writing instead of Latin
- Guild
- An association of poeple who worked at the same occupation. Like a modern day union.
- Scholastics
- Men who were scholars that used knowledge of Aristotle to debate many issues of their time.
- William the Conquerer
- Duke of Normandy that claimed English throne. Brought feudal system from France and made King have Supreme Authority.
- Henry II
- Ruled from 1154-1189. Strengthened royal courts; introduced jury to courts; Basis for common law establishment.
- Eleanor of Aquitaine
- Married both English and French King; She was also mother to two kings.
- Magna Carta
- Protected liberties of nobles; outlined rights of England's common people; no taxation without representation.
- Parliament
- Body of representatives that make laws for a nation.
- Philip II
- Powerful Capetian king who increased the territory of France; Established officials called bailiffs.
- Louis IX
- Pious and saintly; known as ideal king: created French appeals court; This strengthened monarchy and weakened feudal ties.
- Apprentice
- First step of becoming a master in a specific occupation.
- Harness
- Strap that fitted across horses chest.
- Journeyman
- 2nd step to becoming a master. Person could work for wages.
- Usury
- Practice of not borrowing money decreed by Pope
- Ghettos
- Segregated parts of town.
- University
- Center of Learning
- Dante Alighieri
- Wrote Divine Comedy
- Geoffrey Chaucher
- The Canterbury Tales
- Pilgrimage
- Journey to a sacred place.
- Thomas Aquinas
- Writer who argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved logically.
- Jury
- Judgement by a panel of peers.
- Common Law
- Unified body of law that are basis for law in many English-speaking countries.
- John Softsword
- Nickname given to King John because of his lack of military skill.
- Burgesses
- Citizens of wealth and power.
- Hugh Capet
- Head of Capetian Dynasty.
- Bailiffs
- Royal officials that collected King's taxes.
- Philip IV
- King of France that fougt with Pope over taxes.
- Avignon
- Town in France where pope moved church.
- Great Schism
- Division between ideas of church.
- Bubonic Plague
- Disease caused by parasitic fleas that lived off black rates.
- Black Death
- Pandemic of plague that killed 1/3 of European population.
- Hundred Years' War
- War between England and France.
- Longbow
- Bow that could pierce armor.
- Joan of Arc
- Peasant girl from Arc who received message from saints that said she would save French from English.
- Orleans
- City liberated by Joan of Arc.