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Chapter 27 Vocab

Terms

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Somme
(1915) After the German's failed attack and the French failure to capitalize on the retreat of the Germans, and both sides failure to outflank each other. A long stalemate ensued, trenches were dug that extended from Belgium to Switzerland. Each side built large amounts of defensive implements in front of these trenches such as mines and barbed wire. The slaughter soon began as the two sides relentlessly shelled each other. The British/French offensive of Somme only gained an insignificant 128sqrmiles at the cost of 600,000 dead or wounded French/British soldiers, to 500,000 Germans. The German offensive of Verdun cost 700,000 for both sides.
Pershing
led the american expeditionary force, arrived in france on june 25, 1917.
Army Order #1
issued to all Russian military forces as the provisional government was forming. Ordered that all officers be stripped of their authority and power was placed in the hands of elected committees of soldiers.
Brest Litovsk
(March 1918) Ended the Russia war with Germany by conseding Lithuania, Poland, and Finland. Although Lenin supported peace many other Bolsheviks were not prepared to lose 1/3 of the population to Germany
Black Hand
secret group that had multiple assasins ready to assasinate the Archduke
Reinsurance
insurance for insurance companies
May 7th, 1915
Lusitania sunk
Lawrence of Arabia
Encouraged many Arab princes to revolt against the Ottoman empire and along with British help managed to smash the Ottoman empire once and for all in 1918.
November 11th, 1918
The end of WWI, the cease fire was signed the 11th day of the 11th month at the 11th hour
2nd battle of the Marne
final phase of the war. allied offense that tried to drive germans out of the land
Von Schlieffen
German Chief of the General Staff he had devised a plan for attacking France through neutral Belgium, thus knocking them out quickly, and allowing Germany to concentrate on Russia. On August 2, 1914, General Helmuth Moltke put the plan into action by demanding that German soldiers by allowed to move through Belgium. The Belgians who's neutrality had been guaranteed in 1839 ,refused. Germany attacked any way on August 3, and France and England declared war the following day, WWI had begun.
General Hague
British general
Zimmerman Note
telegram on march 2, britain intercepted it and translated. helped convince the president to enter war. To mexico from germany saying if the us entered war they should attack the us and would gain the southwest.
Jutland
main naval battle.(may-june 1916)in the end was a draw
Gavrilo Princep
Assasinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in conjunction with the black hand
Verdun
unsuccessful german campaign which lost 700,000 men on both sides.
Kerensky
Quickly became the leader of the new government, which had over a period of days transformed Russia from a authoritarian monarchy to the most liberal nation in the world. He refused to dissolve the nobles land however and hand it over to the peasants, because he feared that this would only disintagrate the already falling apart peasant army. Having to share his power with the Petrograd(Saint Petersburg) Soviet, which issued its own bills and orders further dismantling the government.
Spanish Flu
pandemic that killed more people than the war did, an estimated 50-100 million people died from the Spanish flu. all over the world.
Ottoman Empire
was the "sick man of europe" Mr. Poe said this one would be a trick question........
Entente Cordial
1904, england+france
Marne
(September 3, 1914) The Belgian army made a surprising stand along with British reinforcements in Belgium complicating the German plan of a quick sweep through Belgium. Also the troops along France's border failed to fall back and draw the French into Germany where they could be annihilated. As the Germans 1.5 million troops pussed towards Paris, the French 1million men supported by English reinforcements moved toward the invaders, meeting at the Marne river outside of Paris. The French army made a surprisingly heroic stand, under the leadership of General Joseph Joffre. France was miraculously saved.
July 28th, 1914
Austria Hungary declares war on Serbia, actually starts WWI
Grey
British foreign secretary
April 6th, 1917
United States enters WWI
June 28th, 1914
Archduke was assasinated, pretty much starts WWI
Checka
Was the russian secret police, forerunner to the KGB

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