W. Europe 1945-1970
Terms
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- CENTO
- (the Central Treaty Org.)Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan, G.B., and U.S. intended to prevent Soviet Union from expanding at the expense of its southern neighbors.
- Great Leap Forward
- Mao's program of taking existing collective farms and combinging them into vast "people's communes" each containing more than thirty thousand people, failed
- "war on poverty"
- Johnson's programs includeing health care for the elderly, food stamps and the new Job Corps and the new Bepartment of Housing and Development, and federal assistance for edu.
- Suez Crisis
- July 26, 1956, Nasser (leader of Egypt) nationalized the Suez Canal, Oct. 29, British, French and Israeli forces attacked Egypt. UN forced British to withdraw; made it clear Britain was no longer a world power
- Domino Theory
- theory: if the communists succeded in Vietnam, all other countries in Asia freeing themselves from colonial domination would fall, like dominoes to communism.
- de Gaulle's Fifth Republic
- not democratic, de Gaulle's chose PM, could dissolve parliment, and supervise both defense and foreign policy
- SEATO
- (Southeast Asia Treaty Org.) U.S., Britain, France, Pakistan, Thailand, the Philippines, Australia, and New Zealand to stem Soviet agression in E.
- State of Israel
- March 1948, Truman approved the concept of an independent Jewish state in Palestine. May 14, 1948, the Palestinian Jews acted and proclaimed the state of Israel
- Gandhi
- objected the division of India, thought it would bring violence
- Cuban Missle Crisis
- U.S. intelligence discovered that a Soviet fleet carrying missiles was heading to Cuba, President Kennedy decided to blockade Cuba and prevent fleet from reaching its destination. Khruxhchev agreed to turn back the fleet if Kennedy pledged not to invade Cuba.
- Berlin Blockade
- Soviet blockade of W. Berlin that allowed neither trucks nor trains to enter the three western zones of Berlin to secure eco. control and halt the creation of a separate W. German state.
- Berlin Wall
- wall seperating E. and W. Berlin created by E. German gov.
- welfare state
- social security and medical insurance were provided through the state in the National Insurance Act and National Health Service Act
- Vietnam War
- N.Vietnam (soviet aided) vs. S.Vietnam (aided by US) S.Vietnam failed against communist troops
- "orgy of blood"
- Gandhi said that when India was seperated between the hindus and muslims their would be much violence or an "orgy of blood"
- Christian Democratic Parties
- sincerly interested in democracy and in significant eco. reforms, strong in italy and Germany
- "ecomonic miracle"
- resurrection of W.German eco.; real wages doubled, and unemployment droped from eight percent to .04
- "massive retaliation"
- policy adopted by Eisenhower which advocated the full use of american nuclear bombs to counteract Soviet action
- Khrushchev
- leader of Soviet Union after Stalin
- EEC/ Common Market
- eliminated customs barriers among the six countries and created a large free-trade area protected by a common external tariff
- COMECON
- (Council for Mutual Eco. Assisitance) eco. cooperation of E. European states
- Detente
- the "thawing" of the Cold War
- Sputnik I
- the first space satelite, launched by Soviet Union
- Arab League
- sympathy for the idea of Arab unity led to the Arab League (1945)
- Marshall Plan
- (European Recovery Plan) intended to rebuild properity and stability, included $13 billion for the eco. recovery of war-torn Europe
- Stalinization
- policy instituted in E. Euro. states after Stalin's death; Soviet-type 5-year plans, collectivizing of agriculture, eliminated all non-Communist parties
- NATO
- (North Atlantic Treaty Org.) military alliance formed in April 1949 when Belgium, Britain, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, and portugal signed a peace treaty with U.S. and Canada. All powers agreed to provide mutual assistance if any one was attacked.
- Indian National Congress
- supported mostly hindu
- Superpowers
- U.S. and Soviet Union
- Mao Zedong
- led the communists in N. China
- Adenauer
- leader of the Christian Democrats, served as chancelor, resurection of german eco.
- Truman Doctorine
- U.S. would provide money to countries that claimed they were threatened by communist expansion.
- Korean War
- the Democratic People's Republic (supported by Soviet Union) vs. the Republic of Korea (supported by U.S.) June 25, 1950, N.Korean troops invaded S. Korea. U.S. intervened because they saw it as another act of communist aggression.
- uhuru
- "freedom"
- Six-Day War
- Egypt (led by Nassar) imposed a blockade against Israeli shipping. Israel launched preemptive air strikes against Egypt and several of its Arab neighbors, israeli warplanes bombed 17 Egyptian airfields and wiped out most of the egyptian air force, israeli armies broke the blickade and occuped the Sinai pen, others seized jordanian territory , occupied all of Jerusalem and attacked Syrian military positions. Israel tripled the size of its territory and defeated Nassar's troops
- "Prague Spring"
- period of euphoria that led many to call for more far-reaching reforms, including neutrality and withdrawl from Soviet bloc
- al-Fatah
- guerilla movement led by the PLO leader Yasir Arafat, began to launch terrorist attacks on israeli territory
- Great Proletarian Cultural Rev.
- a forced march to communism by Mao, lasting ten years, red guards were set across china to eliminate old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits
- Containment
- American policy against Soviet Union, advocated by Kennan
- Euro. Coal and Steel Community
- France,W.Germany,the Benlux countries,amd Italy; purpose was to create a common market for coal and steel products eliminating tariffs and other trade barriers
- Bay of Pigs
- (1961) American-supported attempt to invade Cuba via the Bay of Pigs and overthrow Castro's regime ending in failure
- Hungarian Uprising
- November 1, 1956, Nagy declared Hungary a free nation, three days after Red Army invaded Budapest and Soviets regained control with Kadar replacing Nagy
- African National Congress
- group of intellectuals whose goal was to gain eco. and political reforms, including full equality for educated Africans, within the framework of the existing system, but after the arrest of Mandela, members of ANC called for armed resistance to the white gov.
- PLO
- (Palestine Liberation Org.) believed only the palestinian peoples had the right to form a state in Palestine.
- Martin Luther King
- sought racial equality through civil disobediance (sit-inns, marches, etc.)