History Final
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- Battle of the Bulge
- Fought December 16, 1944; Germans final desperate bid to break the Allies; Germans attacked with 2 armies hoping to take Antwerp (the main Allied base)
- Sod houses
- generally associated with plains farmers
- Charles Lindbergh
- Made first solo nonstop flight from New York to Paris
- John Maynard Keynes
- English economist who favored increased federal spending to stimulate the economy
- Ida B. Wells-Barnett
- Helped organize National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
- Gentleman's Agreement
- Restricted Japanese immigration
- Chiang Kai-Shek
- A former US ally driven from power in China and banished to Taiwan
- The election of a Roman Catholic President
- DID NOT take place during the " Roaring '20s' "
- Bernard Montgomery
- Led Allied forces in North Africa
- Henry Ford
- American industrialist who sent a "peace ship" to Europe to end the war
- The First Battle of Bull Run
- Southern victory
- Andersonville
- Confederate prison camp
- 15th Amendment
- Gave African-American males the right to vote
- Henry Ford
- Bold use of the Assembly line in his factories can credit to...
- New York City
- Home of the politically corrupt Tweed Ring
- Andrew Mellon
- Hoover's Secretary of the Treasury, who favored taking no government action to end the depression
- Admiral Yamamoto
- Japanese general that fought at Midway against Nimitz
- Syngman Rhee
- Imprisoned by the Japanese, then came to America and studied at Harbard and Princeton; Struggled for Korean freedom for 50 years and was elected president of South Korea
- Battle of Coral Sea
- Fought on May 7-8 1942; Caused heavy losses on both sides; Japanese won a tactical victory because they sank US carrier Lexington; Americans claimed a strategic victory by stopping Japan's drive towards Australia
- Jane Addams
- Established the Hull House
- The huge numbers of Irish and German immigrants in the US
- America tended to favor the Allies except this
- Minimum wage laws
- Accomplishment of the New Deal
- Nuremberg trials
- 500,000 German soldiers punished for war crimes
- Tenure of Office Act
- Act that Johnson had violated that became the main charge in his impeachment
- Security Council
- Had 11 (later 15) members; Of these the Big 5 (US, Britain, Russia, France, China) had permanent seats and the righ tto a veto; The other 6 members were elceted to 2 year terms and had no veto.
- Trent Affair
- The incident in which a Union warship stopped a British steamer and removed two Confederate diplomats
- Martin Luther King Jr
- Born in Atlanta in 1929. Son of a minister. Attended Morehouse College and recieved a doctor's degree in theology from Boston University. Started the black civil rights movement. Also gave the "I Have A Dream" speech
- Ultra
- Intercepted German messages by radar and helped British prepare for air attacks
- Theodore Roosevelt
- Responsible for the "Gentleman's Agreement"
- Zimmermann Note
- German message, intercepted by the British, proposing an alliance with Mexico
- Hull House, Tenement House, Dumbell Building
- All places to help the immigrants or the poor (3 things)
- Thomas Edison
- Nicknamed the wizard; was a great inventor; developed electric light
- Seeking a single decisive battlefield victory to cutting off enemy supply lines
- Between the first Battle of Bull Run and the Battle of Petersburg, Union Army strategy changed from...
- McCarran Act
- Stated that all communist organizations had to register with the Attorney General
- Munich Pact
- Signed in 1938 between Great Britain, Gemany, and France that gave part of Czechoslovakia to Germany; Chamberlain said it guaranteed "peace in our time"
- General John J. Pershing
- On the Southern front, the Americans advance against Germany was led by...
- Marshall Plan
- Idea to help Europe with substantial gifts to prevent economic, social, and political problems and to provide monetary aid to prevent hunger, poverty, and chaos
- Spoils system
- Process of hiring and appointing new people to governemtn jobs with every change of administration, by rewarding party loyalty
- Lusitania
- British liner sunk by Germany without warning, killing 128 Americans
- North
- Did not have aid from Britain and France; disadvantage
- Black Tuesday
- New York Stock Exchange's worst day
- Justin Morrill
- established land-grant colleges
- 19th Amendment
- Women were granted the right to vote with the ratification of the...
- Radical Reconstructions policies
- resulted in delays in the readmittance of Southern states into the Union, black Southerers gaining political experience, and creation of programs to assist former slaves
- Sharecropping
- The agricultural system in which a family cultivated land it did not own, keeping a small part of whatever was grown and paying the rest as rent
- 21st Amendment
- ended prohibition
- Matthew Ridgway
- Commanded the 8th Army in Korea; Told not to provoke a war in China
- Enrico Fermi
- Italian scientist who assisted Einstein in the production of the atomic bomb; First to say that the atomic bomb was possible
- Taft-Hartley Act
- Aimed to achieve a better balance between labor & management
- Schechter v. US
- Supreme Court declared that the NRA was unconstitutional
- freedom of speech, press, assembly
- Curtailed during the war
- Wounded Knee
- Place in South Dakota where 200 unarmed Native Americans were killed in 1890
- A.M. Patch
- Joined the eastward moving Allied troops
- 1862 Homestead Act
- Provided a 160-acre plot to anyone over 21 years of age
- Maryland
- Border state that Lincoln kept with the Union, thereby saving Washington, DC
- Lincoln called for troops to put down an insurrection
- The states of the upper South seceded when...
- Selective Service Act of 1917
- Provided for the registration of men between ages 21 and 31 for the draft
- Albert Einstein
- German scientist who made the atomic bomb
- Archduke Francis Ferdinand
- WWI was precipitated by the assassination of...
- Douglas MacArthur
- Led American ground troops in the Pacific
- Harry Truman
- Sworn as President of US after Roosevelt died due to a stroke
- Morrill Act
- Granted lands to the states from the public domain to support new state colleges
- Hideki Tojo
- Japanese leader; Had a warlike government
- Thomas Nast
- A cartoonist who helped expose the Tweed Ring
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- In 1928 a renunciation of war was signed in Paris in the...
- Dawes Act
- Law aimed at "Americanizing" the Indian
- Dwight D. Eisenhower
- Led Allied forces in Western Europe
- Toynbee Hall
- Settlement House in London visited by Jane Addams
- George Patton
- Struck hard at the Germans; Thousands of his tanks were pouring through
- Truman Doctrine
- Stated that it must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting subjection or outside pressure to let them work out their problems in their own way; Also becomes a guide to foreign policy for generations
- Dean Acheson
- Revised a program of military and economic aid for Greece
- Fair Deal
- Truman sent bills to Congress; Most were extensions of the New Deal and for better civil rights laws
- Freedmen's Bureau
- The government agency established at the end of the Civil War to help emancipated slaves
- Atlantic Pact
- Established the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) which allied the US and Canada with 10 Western European nations
- Ku Klux Klan
- Terrorist organizationg that discouraged African-Americans from voting
- Sherman Anti-trust Act
- Passed in July 1890 to outlaw big business from forming monopolies and help farmers and small business
- Joseph McCarthy
- Republican Senator from Wisconsin, who in speech given on February 9, 1950 in WV claimed that the US State Department was infested with communists
- Standard Oil Company
- Rockefeller's first and most famous trust company
- Neville Chamberlain
- Prime Minister before Churchill
- Wagner Act
- Often viewed as "Labor's Magna Carta"; Guarenteed workers the right to join a union and to bargain as a group
- Credit Mobilier
- Government scandal involving the building of the transcontinental railroad
- George Kennan
- US minister-counselor in Moscow that warned about Russian communist intentions to take over the world
- Austria-Hungary declaring war against Serbia
- First declaration of war involved...
- American fears that Germany would help Mexico
- WAS NOT a main reason why the US entered the war
- 18th Amendment
- Prohibition became law in 1919 with ratification of the...
- Frances Willard
- Worked for women's suffrage as President of the Women's Temperance Union
- 22nd Amendment
- Limited any President after Harry Truman to 2 terms; Ratified by the required 3/4 of the states by Feb. 1951
- national concern shifted to overseas aggression
- New Deal came to an end in 1938 because...
- Booker T Washington
- Founded the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
- Homestead Act
- Provided free land to settlers who were willing to live on it and cultivate it
- the Black Hills of South Dakota and the Oklahoma Territory
- What areas did the government promise to th Native Americans, then take away when settlers moved in?
- Glass-Steagall Act
- Reformed the banking system
- Hawley-Smooth Tariff Act
- Duties were boosted on a thousand items in the 1930s
- Socialism
- Does NOT explain the outbreak of WWI
- Ulysses S Grant
- Commander of the Union army who was nicknamed "Unconditional Surrender"
- Rosa Parks
- A black seamstress; On Dec 1, 1955 while on her way back home from work, she boarded a crowded bus in Montgomery, AL; She took a seat in the front row of the section of the bus reserved for blacks. She was told to give up her seat for a white man and move farther back in the bus, but refused. Police arrested her for violating the law
- George Stephenson
- English railroad inventor of Standard Gauge
- Development of ironclad ships
- Accomplished by both the Union and the Confederacy
- Plessy v Ferguson
- Decision that permitted segreated facilities
- Benito Mussolini
- Italian leader, who on April 28, 1945 was captured, tortured, and hung upside down in Italy
- Charles Lindbergh
- Made a national hero because of his solo flight over the Atlantic in 1927
- "Iron curtain"
- Churchill said that it descended across the continent when Russia retained its hold over the Baltic republics (Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania)
- Fear of being required to get involved in future European wars
- Major reason for American opposition to the League of Nations
- JP Morgan
- Known as the giant of finance
- Blitzkrieg
- Lightning war; Hitler's war strategy
- Chief Joseph
- The Native American leader who attempted to lead his people to Canada from Oregon
- Berlin Blockade
- On June 2, 1948 Russia banned all traffic between the western zone and Berlin
- CSS Virginia (Merrimac) and the USS Monitor
- Historic sea battle that marked the end of navies using wooden ships was fought on March 8, 1942 between the...
- John Wilkes Booth
- Assassinated Abraham Lincoln
- Neutrality Laws
- Laws in which their purpose was to increase neutrality among countries; Many acts were passed
- Gilded Age
- Period in American History often defined as a time where glitter covered a multitude of sins
- Mein Kampf
- Book that Hitler wrote while in prison that became the Nazi bible
- Employment Act 1946
- Help provide peacetime jobs
- National Security Act
- Placed all the armed forces under a new Cabinet department with a civilian Secretary of Defense
- Jefferson Davis
- Confederate president
- Battle of Midway
- Fought on June 4, 1942; US handed Japan its first great naval defeat; Americans were ready because of "Magic" decoder; Resulted in Japanses abandoning their plans for taking Midway, Fiji, and Samoa
- Cold War
- Struggle between Communism and Capitalist nations
- Pools, trusts, price fixing
- Were all techniques that were used in organizing business to restric competition (3 things)
- 13th Amendment
- Abolished slavery throughout the United States
- John D Rockefeller
- Donated money to the establishment of the University of Chicago
- Appomattox Court House
- Site of the Confederate surrender in 1865
- Erwin Rommel
- Led German and Italian forces in North Africa; "Desert Fox"
- Development of new weapons
- Reason why WWI was the bloodiest war in history
- Benjamin Silliman
- Yale professor of chemistry, hired by George Bissell to find out what else rock oil might be good for
- A.C. McAuliffe
- Commanded the 101st Airborne Division in the Battle of the Bulge at Bastogne; Surrounded by Germans and said "Nuts!"
- Securities and Exchange Commission
- Congress set this up in 1934 to regulate the stock market and to prevent abuses by sellers of stocks and bonds
- Andrew Johnson
- Only United States President to be impeached
- Social Security Act
- Provided for income to the elderly, public assistance to certain needy persons, and unemployment insurance
- Henry Cabot Lodge
- headed Senate oppostition to the United States joining the League of Nations with William Borah
- Native Americans
- Were forced onto small reservations and treated as wards of the government by 1890
- Matthew Brady
- Took pictures of scenes from the Civil War
- jazz, ragtime, blues, speakeasies, flappers
- Characterized the Roaring 20s
- Temperance Movement
- Abstinence from alcohol to protect the home and Christian life
- Filibustering
- The act of talking endlessly to delay the vote on Senate bills
- GI Bill of Rights
- Provided hospitals for the sick and wounded and clinics to help the disables; Offered payments to veterans without jobs; Gave them preference for jobs in the federal civil service
- George H. Bissell
- Founder of Pennsylvania Rock Oil Comapny
- Former slaves
- could attend school and could marry of their own free will and raise families by 1890
- Admiral Nimitz
- Took part in the Battle of Midway against Yamamoto
- Andrew Carnegie
- Scottish immigrant and responsible for the American library system
- Atomic Energy Commission
- Created a monopoly for the Federal government's control of fissionable materials (Uranium and Plutonium)
- Josef Stalin
- Russian leader
- W.E.B. Du Bois
- Organized the Niagra Movement
- Dividends
- A share of a company's profits paid to stockholders
- The Bay of Pigs
- In 1960 Eisenhower had approved a plan proposed by Allen Dulles. The US would supply money and arms in Guatemala for a force of anti-Castro Cubans. The force was trained and ready. Kennedy expected that when the force invaded Cuba, the Cubans would seize the chance to overthrow Castro, so Kennedy gave his approval to invade. 1500 Cuban refugee fighters landed in the Bay of Pigs on the South Coast of Cuba on April 17. They were not greeted as expected
- Maginot Line
- French line along the border of Germany; French thought that no enemy could pierce this 350-mile line of tunnels, concrete forts, and antitank fields
- Battle of Guadalcanal
- Fought on August 7, 1942; Japanese advanced was finally stopped; fought more on land; nicknamed "Shoestring"
- Adolf Hitler
- Born an Austrian; Would rise from army corporal to the most destructive dictator of modern times; Creater of the Nazi party