Final Review
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Supreme Court Packing
- an attempt of FDR to replace Supreme Court Justices with supporters because of conflicts b/w FDR and the Supreme Court
- Potsdam Conference
- Third meeting of the Big Three; gathered to decide how to administer the defeated Nazi Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier; The goals of the conference also included the establishment of post-war order, peace treaties issues, and countering the effects of war.
- General Douglas MacArthur
- He was one of the most-known American military leaders of WW2(He liberated the Phillipines and made the Japanese surrender at Tokyo in 1945, also he drove back North Korean invaders during the Korean War)
- Wannsee Conference
- 1942; Final Solution was decided
- Concentration Camps
- camps in which Jews and other peoples were sent to work; consisted of extremely harsh conditions such as starvation, weather, etc
- Indian Reorganization Act
- 1939; a U.S. federal legislation which secured certain rights to Native Americans; restoraton of political independence of tribes
- Axis Powers
- alliance of Germany, Italy and Japan with the Tripartite Pact
- Marshall Plan
- primary plan of the United States for rebuilding and creating a stronger foundation for the allied countries of Europe, and repelling communism after World War II.
- Fair Labor Standards Act
- 1938; established a minimum wage of 40 cents an hour and a maximum workweek of 40 hours
- Rural Electrification Administration
- 1935; made electricity available at low rates to American farm families in areas that private power companies refused to service.
- Five Power Treaty
- US, Great Britain, France and Japan, intended to respect interests of others in Pacific Islands, notify in event that any other country launches an attack in area,no promises were made to help or restrain own freedom of action.agreed to cease battleship production for ten years,Reduce fleet of capital ships to a fixed ratio(5:5:3:1.7:1.7),expected to produce a balance of forces in the Pacific; also known as the Washington Naval Treaty
- Allied Powers
- name given to the alliance of countries in opposition to the Axis power in WWII; included the US, Britain, and Russia
- Wagner Act
- 1935; established National Labor Relations Board; protected the rights of most workers in the private sector to organize labor unions, to engage in collective bargaining, and to take part in strikes and other forms of concerted activity in support of their demands.
- Battle of the Coral Sea
- May 4-8 1942; American Naval Force blocked a Japanese thrust to outflank Australia
- Four Power Treaty
- a compact which was signed by the US, Great Britain, Japan, and France; replaced the old Anglo-Japanese Alliance
- National Security Act
- 1947; changed War Dept -> Dept of Defense; single budget for Dept of Defense; created National Security Agency and the Central Intelligence Agency
- Glass-Steagal Act
- 1933; prohibited commercial banks from selling stock of financing corporations; created FDIC
- Luftwaffe
- German Air Force which dominated the skies of Europe during the beginnings of the war; essential to the tactic of Blitzkrieg
- Agricultural Adjustment Act
- In 1932, this act attempted to regulate agricultural production through farm sudsidies
- Father Charles Coughlin
- a critic of the New Deal; created the National Union for Social Justice; wanted a monetary inflation and the nationalization of the banking system
- Truman Doctrine
- stated that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid to prevent their falling into the Soviet sphere.
- General Omar Bradley
- known by his WWII troops as "The Soldier's General" In 1950 he was promoted to 5-star General-of-the-Army rank, served as Army Chief of Staff and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
- General Dwight Eisenhower
- Supreme Commander of the Allied forces in Europe, with responsibility for planning and supervising the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944-45
- Emergency Banking Relief Act
- 1933; This act allowed a plan that would close down insolvent banks and reorganize and reopen those banks strong enough to survive.
- Hitler's mistakes
- caused a two front war when he invaded Russia
- Frances Perkins
- Secretay of Labor; played a key role writing New Deal legislations; she was involved in all aspects of the reports and hearings that ultimately resulted in the Social Security Act
- Final Solution
- German Nazis' plan to engage in systematic genocide against the European Jewish population during World War II.
- Ho Chi Minh
- a Vietnamese revolutionary who the US promise to support after the war was over; the US wanted his army to keep the Japanese at bay
- "Rosie the Riveter"
- a cultural icon in America during WWII who represented 6mil women who worked in plants production war materials
- Hideki Tojo
- General in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 40th Prime Minister of Japan during WWII
- Pan-American Conference
- 1938; an economic program designed to increase rather than restrict world trade
- Admiral Chester Nimitz
- He was the commander of the Pacific Fleet during WW2, and he was the man who directed the U.S. victories at Midway, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa
- Nuremberg Laws
- Placed severe restrictions of Jews
- Admiral Jean Darlan
- achieved fame in both the French Navy and in French politics during World War Two; was seen by many to be pro-Nazi Germany and he has been portrayed as a collaborator.
- Harold Ickes
- He served as Secretary of the Interior for FDR; also headed Public Works Administration
- Teheran Conference
- hosted in Iran where the Big Three met; it confirmed Moscow Conference decisions and planed a joint military operations against Germany
- Gold Reserve Act
- 1934; United States nationalized gold and prohibited private gold ownership except under license.
- Public Works Administration
- 1933; set aside $3 billion to create jobs building roads, sewers, public housing units, and other civic necessities.
- Atlantic Charter
- a conference b/w FDR and Churchill declared the Allies' war aims, which included disarmament, self-determination, freedom of the seas, and guarantees of each nation's security.
- Yalta Conference
- second meeting of the Big Three; decided unconditional surrender of Germany; occupational zones of Germany;
- Committee of Industrial Organization
- created by John J Lewis who was determined to spread the benedits of unions throughout industry; with the help of the AFL it unionized unskilled and skilled labor
- Battle of Britain
- the name given to the strategic effort by the German Luftwaffe during the Second World War to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force
- Works Progress Administration
- 1935; massive work relief program funded projects ranging from construction to acting
- Social Security Act
- 1935; guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at the age of 65; also set up a federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health
- Harry Hopkins
- federal relief administrator for FDR; headed the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA), the Civil Works Administration (CWA), and the Works Progress Administration (WPA); also started programs for youth (National Youth Administration) and for artists and writers (Federal One Programs); Lend-Lease Program
- "Phoney War"
- a phase in early World War II from September 1939 until May 1940 marked by few military operations in Continental Europe; in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Although the great powers of Europe had declared war on one another, neither side had yet committed to launching a significant attack, and there was relatively little fighting on the ground.
- Security and Exhange Commission
- June 8, 1934; to regulate stock trading in open market; outlawed "buying on margin."
- Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
- guarantee bank deposits held by commercial banks
- Civilian Conservation Corps
- March 31, 1933; unemployment relief act; hired young men for reforestation programs, firefighting. flood control, spawn drainage, etc;
- Huey Long
- a critic of the New Deal; called for a "share of wealth" movement in 1934
- Lend-Lease Program
- the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied Great Britain, the Soviet Union, China, France and other Allied nations with vast amounts of war materiel between 1941 and 1945 in return for, in the case of Britain, military bases in Newfoundland, Bermuda and the British West Indies.
- Battle of Midway
- June 1942; first defeat of the modern Japanese Navy had ever suffered and it crippled them leaving the US control of Central Pacific
- Tennesse Valley Authority
- 1933; an attempt at regional planning; included procisions for environment and recreational design
- Blitzkrieg
- lighting war
- Kristallnacht pogrom
- Night of the Broken Glass; when Jewish homes along with 8,000 Jewish shops were ransacked in numerous German cities, towns and villages
- Dr. Francis Townsend
- a critic of the new deal; developed the Townsend Plan as a way that the elderly, ages 60 and older, would gain a monthly pension of $200 that must be spent within 30 days
- General George Patton
- He fought during World War I, he joined Eisenhower and Douglas MacArthur in dealing with the Bonus Army in Washington.Then on October 1940 was promoted as general and given command of the 2nd Armed Division based at Fort Benning.
- General George Marshall
- developer of the Marshall Plan; served as a military general leading the Allies during the war
- Einsatzgruppen
- formed by Heinrich Himmler in 1941; goals wer the annihilation of the Jews, Gypsies, and political commissars; later implemented as part of Hitler's final solution
- Scottsboro Boys
- nine black youths, ranging in age from thirteen to nineteen, were accused of raping two white women.