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Social Studies Everything (forgive the repetition) (lovingly ripped off of everyone including myself)

Terms

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Nathan Bedford Forest
Slave trader, Confederate general, and leader of the KKK
COLD WAR
Tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union after World War II (2 words),
BOOTH
Actor and Confederate supporter who assassinated Abraham Lincoln
GRANDFATHER CLAUSE
Law which eliminated literacy tests and poll taxes for persons who had voted before 1867 and their descendants; this meant only white men qualified to vote (2 words)
JOHNSON
Lincoln's VP; 17th President; impeached because of his unpopular ideas about Reconstruction and held onto he office by one vote,
BRADY
Famous Civil War photographer,
FITZGERALD
Author of THE GREAT GATSBY; characters included flappers, bootleggers, and movie makers,
Antietam
led to emancipation proclamation
NIXON
37th President; resigned because of the Watergate scandal
1941-1945
US in WW II
HUNDRED DAYS
First part of FDR's first term during which Congress passed many New Deal programs (2 words)
FARRAGUT
Union admiral who captured New Orleans during the Civil War,
Korean War
war between North and South Korea; North supported by the Soviet Union and the South by the U.S. and United Nations troops
BLITZ KRIEG
"lighting war"
FERA
distributed $500 million in federal grants to local state governments for direct relief to the unemployed
Gettysburg
Turning point of civil war
STONEWALL
Nickname for Southern general who brought reinforcements to Bull Run; killed at Chancellorsville,
Battle of the bulge
Gr. last, desperate attack
CHAMBERLAIN
British Prime Minister who made the Munich Agreement with Hitler
HUAC
targeted people in the movie industry thought to be communist, part of the 1950's Red Scare
CONTAINMENT
U.S. strategy in the 1950's aimed at limiting the spread of communism
CAPITALISM
Economic system based on private property and free enterprise
RUTH
Greatest baseball player of the 1920's,
Black Codes
Laws that limited the freedom of former enslaved people
BLACK CODES
Series of laws passed by southern legislatures to control freed men and women and enable plantation owners to exploit African American workers,
ZIMMERMANN
German foreign minister who sent telegram urging Mexico to join Central Powers against the U.S. in World War I
CENTRAL POWERS
Alliance between Turkey, Austria-Hungary, and Germany in WW1 (2 words),
RED BARON
German ace (pilot) in WW1,
conformity
Going along with the majority or behaving according to standards and rules of society
MUSSOLINI
Italian dictator during WW2
Rutherford Hayes
Republican candidate for President in 1876
ROSAPARKS
American civil rights activist whose arrest in Montgomery, Alabama, led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott (2 words)
LEE
American general who refused o Lincoln's offer to head the Union army in the Civil War; successfully led several battles until his defeat at Gettysburg; surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House,
VERSAILLES
Treaty that ending World War I that required Germany to pay huge war reparations and established the League of Nations,
IMPEACH
To formally charge a government official with wrongdoing while in office
Truman Doctrine
U.S. policy to give financial and military aid to countries so they could resist communist influence
NISEI
Japanese Americans born in the U.S.
CCC
producers of cotton and other crops would store their crops in gov. warehouses and were loaned money
LUCILLE BALL
Actress and TV star of the comedy series, I Love Lucy,
GEORGE
British representative at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919,
SHARECROPPING
System in which landowners provided laborers with the supplies needed for farming in exchange for a portion of their crops
KOREAN WAR
War between North and South Korea in the early 1950's; North supported by the SU and South by the U.S. and the United Nations
AMNESTY
Official pardon for crime made against the government
WILSON
28h President; proposed the14-Point Plan which included the League of Nations,
LEE
American general who refused o Lincoln's offer to head the Union army in the Civil War; successfully led several battles until his defeat at Gettysburg; surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House
WASHINGTON
African American leader and educator who was born into slavery and later became head of Tuskegee Institute for career training for African Americans (Booker T),
FREEDMENS BUREAU
Set up to help former slaves adjust to their freedom (2 words),
BULGE
Battle in late 1944 where Germans mounted last desperate defense against advancing Allies; more than 100,000 casualties; Marked the end of serious German resistance,
PRESLEY
Rock'n'Roll star of the 1950's
Wilderness
armies could hardly see each other through the woods
LANGE
American photographer who recorded the Great Depression by taking pictures of the unemployed and rural poor
Alger Hiss
state department official accused of passing military information to the Soviets (first and last names)
HARDTACK
Hard, tough cracker eaten by both Confederate and Union soldiers,
LEND LEASE
Act in March 1941, which allowed the US to sell, lend, or lease arms or other war supplies to any nation considered "vital to the defense (2 words)
MCCLELLAN
Union general and candidate for President in 1864,
Jim Crow
laws passed in southern states which required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place
MacArthur
Leader of the U.S. Troops in Korea (last name)
JOHNSON
Lincoln's VP; 17th President; impeached because of his unpopular ideas about Reconstruction and held onto he office by one vote
Freedom Riders
Young college students who went to the South in the 1960's trying to get African Americans to register to vote
12/7/1941
Pearl Harbor
BOOTLEGGER
Person who smuggled or sold illegal liquor
SELF DETERMINATION
Right of national groups to their own territory and forms of government
ROMMEL
Commander of Axis troops in North Africa, known as the "Desert Fox"
BERLIN WALL
Wall built between East Berlin and West Berlin in 1961(2 words),
Fair Deal
Truman's programs which called for new housing and employment projects
SEC
regulated stock trades and exchanges and punished dishonest stock brokers and speculators
ASSEMBLY LINE
Henry Ford's method to mass-produce cars (2 words)
Guadalcanal
1st major victory over J., after 6mo bitter fighting
FIRESIDE CHATS
Informal presidential speeches given by FDR in the 1930's (2 words),
DUBOIS
African American educator, editor, and writer; helped found the NAACP,
MERRIMACK
Confederate ironclad ship
HARDING
29th President elected in 1920; died in 1923; scandals such as Teapot Dome discovered after his death,
ZIMMERMANN
German foreign minister who sent telegram urging Mexico to join Central Powers against the U.S. in World War I,
LUSITANIA
British passenger ship sunk by German U-Boat,
EIGHTEEN
Prohibition Amendment,
Nina
Miss Jane's long-time friend
LIBERAL
Someone who favors federal government action to bring about social and economic reform
NAGASAKI
Japanese city the second to be hit by an atomic bomb,
Fort Sumter
first shots of civil war fired here
TWENTY ONE
Amendment that repealed the 18th,
Beatniks
poets and writers of the 1950's who resisted the "shallowness and conformity" of the 1950's
GRANT
Union chief commander at the end of the war; won battles at Vicksburg, Shiloh, Fort Henry, and Fort Donelson; 18th President; elected President in 1868 and 1872,
1939-1945
WW II
AAA
New Deal legislation which rented land from farmers in order to raise prices - farmer got rent higher prices and rent money (1933); after 1933 law declared unconstitutional, this legislation in 1938 allotted so much land per farmer in order to keep prices high, taking into consideration demands for product in U.S. and around the world,
PEARL HARBOR
American military base in Hawaii,
ANACONDA
Name given to the Civil War battle strategy to "squeeze" the South and cut off from the rest of the world
Ulysses Grant
President elected in 1868 and 1872
fifteenth
Amendment which gave African Americans the right to vote (ordinal number)
LINCOLN
16th President; promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates; issued the Emancipation Proclamation; assassinated in 1865
suburbs
residential areas outside the city
Fitzgerald
Author of THE GREAT GATSBY; characters included flappers, bootleggers, and movie makers
LINDBERGH
Popular hero of the 1920's who flew The Spirit of St. Louis nonstop across the Atlantic,
Rosa Parks
woman who initiated the Montgomery Bus Boycott
PICKETT
Confederate general famous for his unsuccessful "charge" at Gettysburg
Joseph McCarthy
Senator who accused hundreds of American citizens as having communist ties; part of the 1950's Red Scare (first & last names)
INOUYE
Japanese American who lost an arm in World War II battle; later became U.S. Senator from Hawaii,
YORK
Greatest American hero of World War I (from Tennessee)
CAPONE
Crime boss of the 20's
John Kennedy
President elected in 1960; assassinated in 1963 (first and last names)
CCC
250,000 immediate jobs for men ages 18-25 and paid them $30 a month; fought forest fines; completed flood control projects
LINCOLN
16th President; promoted equal rights for African Americans in the famous Lincoln-Douglas debates; issued the Emancipation Proclamation; assassinated in 1865,
AXIS
Alliance between Japan, Germany, and Italy
MIDWAY
Pacific battle victory here gave Allies control of the \central\ Pacific,
BESSIE SMITH
African American blues singer poplar in the 1920's (2 words),
JIM CROW
Laws passed in southern states which required African Americans and whites to be separated in almost every public place,
COPPERHEADS
Northerners who opposed the Civil War
FORDS THEATER
Place where Abe Lincoln was assassinated in 1865 (2 words),
Okinawa
USA invades ______ and coporal monthus conquers island
BROWN VS BOARD OF EDUCATION
Stated in 1954 that it was unconstitutional to maintain separate black and white schools (5 words),
DUBOIS
African American educator, editor, and writer; helped found the NAACP
PATTON
American general who was involved in the Normandy invasion and the Battle of the Bulge; known for his great ability in tank warfare
EISENHOWER
Allied commander in WW2 in Europe; helped plan the D-Day invasion at Normandy; 34th President,
PALMER
Attorney General who ordered raids on homes of suspected radicals and communists during the Red Scare of the 1920's
BESSIE SMITH
African American blues singer poplar in the 1920's (2 words)
SIT DOWN
Type of strike where workers continuously occupy the plant and refuse to work until management agrees to their demands
PERSHING
Head of the AEF during WW1
DIX
Organized large numbers of women to serve as nurses during the Civil War; helped change the prison system nationwide by advocating the development of state hospitals to treat the mentally ill instead of imprisonment
CHAMBERLAIN
British Prime Minister who made the Munich Agreement with Hitler,
Rock'n'Roll
Musical style based on rhythm and blues that became popular in the 1950's
Plessy v. Ferguson
Supreme Court case which ruled that "separate but equal" was constitutional
NATO
Agreement made in 1949 to stand firm against Soviet military threats, made between the U.S., Great Britain, France, and eight other nations
Coral Sea
J. vs. USA clash near australia,naval battle, no clear winner
DEFICIT SPENDING
Using borrowed money to fund government programs, like in the New Deal
KAMIKAZE
Japanese suicide pilot,
STALIN
Dictator of the Soviet Union; led the SU through World War II and created a powerful Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe after the war,
KOREMATSU
Japanese American who sued the U.S. government that his civil rights had been violated when he was placed in an internment camp
GETTYSBURG
Union victory here was the turning point in the Civil War,
RUTH
Greatest baseball player of the 1920's
GEORGE
British representative at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919
AAA
improved farm prices by cutting production; gov. rented land normally
ROSIE THE RIVETER
Advertising character who symbolized women in war manufacturing jobs
FARRAGUT
Union admiral who captured New Orleans during the Civil War
RECONSTRUCTION
Process, after the Civil War, of bringing the southern states back into the Union
HUGHES
Poet of the Harlem Renaissance,
Elvis Presley
Most popular rock'n'roll entertainer of the 1950's; known for his bumps and grinds on stage (first and last names)
SCOPES
Tennessee teacher accused of teaching evolution,
ANTIETAM
Union victory here led to the Emancipation Proclamation,
NIRA
symbol is blue eagle; set up codes of fair competition
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Wilson's plan for an international peace organization (3 words)
NLRB
created to settle corporate disputes and run union elections
NEW DEAL
FDR's program to revive the country from the Great Depression,
SEC
Regulated the way companies could issue and sell securities (stocks); power to punish dishonest stockbrokers and speculators (like Martha Stewart),
poll tax
fee charged for voting
NINETEEN
Women's suffrage amendment,
KOREMATSU
_____ v. United States, upheld the internment of Japanese Americans during WW2,
WAGNER
Also known as National Labor Relations Act; set up the NLRB to settle corporate disputes and run union elections; when majority of workers in a plant voted to join a labor union, it became the official representative of the workers,
PERSHING
Head of the AEF during WW1,
Battle of the Marne
1918, allies stop Gr. invasion at the marne river
TOJO
Japanese nationalist and general; he took control of Japan during World War II; later executed for war crimes,
NATO
Agreement made in 1949 to stand firm against Soviet military threats, made between the U.S., Great Britain, France, and eight other nations,
STEINBECK
Author of THE GRAPES OF WRATH about Okies moving to California to work in the fields,
BRADY
Famous Civil War photographer
GREAT MIGRATION
Movement of African Americans to the North to seek jobs in the 1920's and 1930's,
FASCISM
Term referring to the extreme nationalism and racism in Italy in the 1930's
Hooverville
Shanty town of the 30s
POLAND
Country whose attack by Germany in 1939 signaled the start of WW2,
Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court case which ruled that schools must be integrated, even if they were "equal"
Jackie Robinson
Miss Jane's favorite baseball player; first African American to play professional baseball
Scalawags
White southerners who supported Radical Reconstruction
JAZZ AGE
Term used to describe the decade's (1920's) break from rules and traditions (2 words),
UNITED NATIONS
International peace organization established in 1945 in San Francisco (2 words),
Philipines
USA invades ______ and, after a 3 day naval battle, win. they severely damaged J. navy, making no longer a threat
SPEAKEASY
Illegal bar that served liquor during Prohibition
GI BILL OF RIGHTS
Government program that paid for WW2 veterans' education and housing,
STALIN
Dictator of the Soviet Union; led the SU through World War II and created a powerful Soviet sphere of influence in Eastern Europe after the war
COOLIDGE
VP who became President after Harding's death; 30th President of the U.S.; known for his honesty and pro-business policies
HARLEM RENAISSANCE
Period during the 1920's when New York City's Harlem became an intellectual and cultural capital for African Americans (2 words),
Space Race
Competition between the U.S. and the Soviets to be the leader in space exploration
PATTON
American general who was involved in the Normandy invasion and the Battle of the Bulge; known for his great ability in tank warfare,
PERKINS
First woman to serve in a President's Cabinet; Secretary of Labor,
Joe Louis
African American heavyweight boxing champion; favorite of Miss Jane's
CONSERVATIVE
Someone who prefers little government action to bring about social and economic reform
SUDETENLAND
Area of Czechoslovakia annexed by Hitler claiming the German-speaking people there were being persecuted,
GARVEY
Popular African American leader who proposed a "Back to Africa" movement and started the UNIA which urged African Americans to take pride in their heritage
FDIC
insured each bank deposit up to $5000
LANGE
American photographer who recorded the Great Depression by taking pictures of the unemployed and rural poor,
FLAPPER
Young woman in the 1920's who rebelled against traditional ways of thinking and acting
segregation
separation of people on the basis of racial, religious, or social differences
PRESLEY
Rock'n'Roll star of the 1950's,
Ida Wells
African American who led the fight against lynching
Richard Nixon
Republican candidate defeated in the 1960 Presidential election; later became first President to resign from office
CHURCHILL
British Prime Minister who opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain through World War II,
TENURE OF OFFICE
Act that led to Johnson's impeachment (3 words),
Bank Holiday
closed all banks until gov. examiners could investigate their financial condition; only sound/solvent banks were allowed to reopen
Midway
turning point of pacific war part of WW2
HEMINGWAY
Ambulance driver in World War I; author of A FAREWELL TO ARMS and THE SUN ALSO RISES,
SCALAWAGS
Southern whites in the Republican party during Reconstruction; term has come to mean "scoundrels" or "worthless rascals"
U2
U.S. spy plane shot down by the Soviets
ENOLA GAY
B-29 bomber that dropped the atomic bomb on Hiroshima (2 words),
SAVANNAH
Sherman's destination when he left Atlanta,
TILDEN
Democratic candidate for President in 1876; lost the election by the Compromise of 1877
CCC
New Deal agency that put over 3 million young men aged 18-25 to work on conservation and rural improvement projects- received room. board, and shelter + $30 per month; required to send $25 home to families; organization created in 1938 that allowed farmers to store surplus crops in government warehouses until prices improved; farmers could borrow against the crop and pay off the loan when they sold the crop,
ROBINSON
American baseball player who was the first Black in the major leagues,
IWO JIMA
Pacific island captured by the Americans in March 1945; commemorated by the US Marine Memorial in DC (2 words)
iron curtain
term first used by Winston Churchill to describe the barrier of censorship and secrecy between communist countries and the rest of the wester world
OPERATION OVERLORD
Code name for the Allied invasion of Europe,
MCCLELLAN
Union general and candidate for President in 1864
HEMINGWAY
Ambulance driver in World War I; author of A FAREWELL TO ARMS and THE SUN ALSO RISES
PICKETT
Confederate general famous for his unsuccessful charge at Gettysburg,
KENNEDY
35th President elected in 1960; assassinated in 1963 in Dallas,
Warsaw Pact
agreement among the communist countries of Eastern Europe in response to the formation of NATO
SHERMAN
Union commander who waged "total war" across Georgia
Tilden
Democratic candidate for President in 1876; lost the election by the Compromise of 1877,
RANDOLPH
Founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, made up mostly of African Americans; labor leader who, in 1941, threatened a march on DC protesting discrimination against Blacks in defense industries
PETERSBURG
Union siege here in VA lasted ten months; some of the first trench warfare used here,
BABY BOOM
Sharp increase in the U.S. birthrate after World War II
Lucille Ball
Actress and TV star of the comedy series, "I Love Lucy"
MUSSOLINI
Italian dictator during WW2,
MCCARTHY
Senator who accused hundreds of American citizens as having communists toes, part of the Red Scare of the 1950's
WPA
New Deal organization that built post offices, city halls, recreation buildings, roads, school, etc.; also provided variety of jobs for actors, musicians, writers, photographers, etc.,
Bill Haley
Had first big rock'n'roll hit: "Rock Around the Clock" (first and last names)
HOOVER
Head of the Food Administration during WW1; 31st President, elected in 1928; failed to deal with effectively with the Great Depression; defeated for reelection in 1932 by FDR,
Ned
Big Laura's son
REPARATIONS
Cash payments by losing country to victorious nations after a war
SEGREGATION
Separation of people on the basis of racial, religious, or social differences,
CORAL SEA
Pacific battle which stopped Japanese advance on Australia (2 words),
ANDERSONVILLE
Civil War prison in Georgia,
HUGHES
Poet of the Harlem Renaissance
COOLIDGE
VP who became President after Harding's death; 30th President of the U.S.; known for his honesty and pro-business policies,
GRANT
Union chief commander at the end of the war; won battles at Vicksburg, Shiloh, Fort Henry, and
Vicksburg
gave union control of the mississippi river
NYA
New Deal agency which gave college students jobs around the campus so they could stay in school; also keep them out of the job market,
containment
U.S. strategy in the 1950's aimed at limiting the spread of communism
THIRTEEN
Amendment which abolished slavery,
Hiroshima
Japanese city the first to be hit by an atomic bomb,
RED BARON
German "ace" (pilot) in WW1
FIFTEEN
Amendment which granted suffrage to African Americans,
Jimmy
Nina's son
TRENCH WARFARE
Form of combat in which soldiers dug deep ditches to seek protection from enemy fire and to defend their positions (2 words)
BOOTH
Actor and Confederate supporter who assassinated Abraham Lincoln,
COMMUNISM
Economic system in which all wealth and property are owned by the community as a whole
ROSIE THE RIVETER
Advertising character who symbolized women in war manufacturing jobs,
KENNEDY
35th President elected in 1960; assassinated in 1963 in Dallas
Cold War
tensions between the U.S. and Soviet Union after WW2
SHERMAN
Union commander who waged total war across Georgia,
MANHATTAN PROJECT
Top secret operation to create the atomic bomb (2 words),
KKK
southern society formed in 1866 to prevent freed men and women from exercising their rights and to help whites regain power
baby boom
sharp increase in the U.S. birthrate after WW2
PROHIBITION
Legal ban on alcohol imposed by the 18th Amendmen
BERLIN AIRLIFT
Mission during the Cold War in which the U.S. flew supplies to West Berlin after the Soviets blocks roads, rivers, and railroads (2 words),
FAIR DEAL
Truman's programs which called for new housing and employment projects (2 words),
FORD
American business leader; his moving assembly line could produced cars faster, more efficiently, and at a lower cost
LINDBERGH
Popular hero of the 1920's who flew The Spirit of St. Louis nonstop across the Atlantic
FOURTEEN
Amendment which gave African Americans citizenship in the U.S. as well as in their state,
NELSON MANDELA?? idk it got deleted
French premier during World War I; he was the French representative at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919,
FLSA
set up 40 hr. work weeks, established minimum wage, and outlawed child labor
Reconstruction
process after Civil War of bringing the southern states back into the Union
ELEANOR
FDR's wife; only First Lady with her own statue in DC
WARSAW PACT
Agreement among communist nations in response to the creation of NATO,
BARTON
Founder of the American Red Cross; she administered care to Union soldiers during the Civil War
SHILOH
Important Civil War battle in southwest Tennessee,
FLSA
Act that set the normal work week at 40 hours, establish a national minimum wage, and outlawed child labor,
Pardon
Amnesty
SUMTER
Charleston fort where the first shots were fired,
Cantigny
US attacked town of cantigny, captured it, boosted allies morale
CLEMENCEAU
French premier during World War I; he was the French representative at the Versailles Peace Conference in 1919
38th
Line of latitude which divides North and South Korea (ordinal number)
CODE TALKERS
Navajo troops who used their language to send messages in a code the Japanese were never able to break
MANASSAS
Another name for Bull Run,
BRACERO
Program that stimulated emigration from Mexico during WW2; US labor agents recruited 1000's of farm and railroad workers
MCCARTHY
Senator who accused hundreds of American citizens as having communists toes, part of the Red Scare of the 1950's,
ROMMEL
Commander of Axis troops in North Africa, known as the Desert Fox,
STEINBECK
Author of THE GRAPES OF WRATH about Okies moving to California to work in the fields`
FORD
American business leader; his moving assembly line could produced cars faster, more efficiently, and at a lower cost,
MACARTHUR
American general; he commanded U.S. troops in the South Pacific during World War II; later he commanded UN forces in the Korean War; also drove the Bonus Marchers out of DC,
DAVIS
President of the Confederacy,
RED SCARE
Fear of foreigners and communists,
W.E.B. DuBois
African American who believed Blacks should fight segregation; he also felt industrial training would limit them to inferior jobs
PERKINS
First woman to serve in a President's Cabinet; Secretary of Labor
NO MANS LAND
Area between the trenches in World War I,
TUSKEGEE AIRMEN
African American group of pilots who shot down more than 200 enemy planes
sunbelt
warmer states in the South and Southwest; population increased significantly here in the 1950's
ELEANOR
FDR's wife; only First Lady with her own statue in DC,
HITLER
Leader of Germany during WW2
DUNKIRK
French port where 300,000 British and French troops were trapped by the Germans; daring rescue by 800 warships, ferries, and fishing boats across the English Channel,
RATIFY
Approve
CHAPLIN
Actor who popularized the "Little Tramp" character
MONITOR
Union ironclad ship
DUST BOWL
Nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms in the early 1930's ( 2 words),
IRON CURTAIN
Term first used by Winston Churchill to describe the barrier of censorship and secrecy that existed between communists countries and the rest of the world (2 words)
Radical Republicans
Republicans who called for a tough approach to Reconstruction; they wanted to punish the South for the Civil War
Harry Truman
U.S. President from 1945-1953 (first and last names)
DAVIS
President of the Confederacy
FERA
Federal agency which distributed 500 million dollars to state and local governments to distribute to the poor and unemployed during the Great Depression,
EISENHOWER
Allied commander in WW2 in Europe; helped plan the D-Day invasion at Normandy; 34th President
VICKSBURG
Union victory here insured control of the Mississippi River,
ARMSTRONG
Important African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpter whose style influenced many later musicians
KOREMATSU
Japanese American who sued the U.S. government that his civil rights had been violated when he was placed in an internment camp,
BORDER STATES
States - MD, WVA, KY, DE, MO-that allowed slavery but did not leave the Union during the Civil War (2 words)
Carpetbaggers
Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to profit financially from the confused and unsettled conditions
STONEWALL
Nickname for Southern general who brought reinforcements to Bull Run; killed at Chancellorsville
Highway Act
1956 Congressional action that led to the current interstate highway system
LEYTE GULF
Pacific battle fought for control of the Philippines; largest naval battle in history,
HOOVER
Head of the Food Administration during WW1; 31st President, elected in 1928; failed to deal with effectively with the Great Depression; defeated for reelection in 1932 by FDR
GARVEY
Popular African American leader who proposed a Back to Africa movement and started the UNIA which urged African Americans to take pride in their heritage,
NIXON
37th President; resigned because of the Watergate scandal
ROSENBERGS
Couple executed for giving military secrets to the Soviets in the 1950's,
NORMANDY
French coast where Allied troops landed on June 6, 1944,
NRA
New Deal agency created by the NIRA in 1933 which set up codes of fair competition, minimum wage, 40-hour work week, etc.; declared unconstitutional,
INOUYE
Japanese American who lost an arm in World War II battle; later became U.S. Senator from Hawaii
Thurgood Marshall
Argued the case for Kansas family at the Supreme Court; later became the first African American justice on the Supreme Court
Armistice
agreement to stop fighting
Freedmen's Bureau
Federal agency set up to help former slaves
HARDING
29th President elected in 1920; died in 1923; scandals such as Teapot Dome discovered after his death
POLL TAX
Fee charged for voting (2 words)
TRUMAN DOCTRINE
U.S. policy to give financial and military aid to countries so they could resist communism,
NYA
employed college students to grade papers, do chores, and other jobs on campus
Berlin Wall
Wall built in 1961 between East Berlin and West Berlin
ROSA PARKS
American civil rights activist whose arrest in Montgomery, Alabama, led to the Montgomery Bus Boycott (2 words),
RANDOLPH
Founded the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, made up mostly of African Americans; labor leader who, in 1941, threatened a march on DC protesting discrimination against Blacks in defense industries,
DOGFIGHTS
"Duels in the Sky"
TOJO
Japanese nationalist and general; he took control of Japan during World War II; later executed for war crimes
ROBINSON
American baseball player who was the first Black in the major leagues
PLESSY VS FERGUSON
Supreme Court case which ruled that \separate but equal\ was constitutional,
ROSENBERGS
Couple executed for giving military secrets to the Soviets in the 1950's
Chancellorsville
battle in Va, CSA won but lost stonewall jackson
BIG FOUR
Term to describe the major representatives at the peace conference after World War I
CARPET BAGGERS
Northerners who went to the South after the Civil War to profit financially from the confused and unsettled conditions
KKK
Southern society formed in 1866 to prevent freed men and women from exercising their rights and to help whites regain power; revised in the 1920's to terrorize foreigners, Catholics, Jews, etc.,
RATIONING
Distribution of scarce resources and products
TEAPOT DOME
Scandal during the Harding administration,
1914-1918
WW I
SOCIAL SECURITY
Act that provided unemployment insurance and old-age insurance; paid partly by employer and partly by the employee did not cover farm workers and domestic workers,
Social Security Act
provided unemployed insurance and old age pension
TRUMAN
Elected Vice president in 1944; 33rd President, after FDR's death; led the U.S. through the end of World War II and beginning of the Cold War,
MARSHALL PLAN
Program after World War II to help boost the economies of European nations (2 words),
Tenure of Office
Act that led to Johnson's impeachment
U BOAT
German submarine,
TVA
Federal agency established in 933 to develop water-power resources in the Tennessee River valley,
WILSON
28h President; proposed the14-Point Plan which included the League of Nations
ISLAND HOPPING
Strategy in the Pacific; attacking and capturing certain key islands and then using these as bases for leapfrogging to others, moving closer and closer to the Philippines and then Japan,
TVA
jobs for unemployed; cheap electricity; flood control; recreation opportunities
ON MARGIN
Buy stock by paying 10% of the stock price and borrowing the rest,
Scopes
Tennessee teacher accused of teaching evolution
share cropping
agricultural plan developed in the South after the Civil War; landowner provided tenant with house, tools, etc. in exchange for a "share" of the crop
BLUE EAGLE
Symbol of the NRA,
FDIC
Insured each bank deposit up to $5,000,
Grandfather Clause
Law which eliminated literacy tests and poll taxes for persons who had voted before 1867 and their descendants
NAZI
Hitler's political party,
DIX
Organized large numbers of women to serve as nurses during the Civil War; helped change the prison system nationwide by advocating the development of state hospitals to treat the mentally ill instead of imprisonment,
TUSKEGEE AIRMEN
African American group of pilots who shot down more than 200 enemy planes,
fourteenth
Amendment which gave African Americans citizenship
Lucille Ball
popular TV comedian of the 1950's; "I Love Lucy" (first and last names)
NATIONALISM
Pride in one's country, culture, ethnic group, etc.
RICHMOND
Confederate capital,
2nd battle of the Marne
turning point of WW1
HITLER
Leader of Germany during WW2,
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Order issued by President Lincoln freeing the slaves in those areas in rebellion (2 words),
Levitt
Built a housing development with over 17,000 homes on Long Island in New York (last name)
Eisenhower
President from 1953-1961 (last name)
BARTON
Founder of the American Red Cross; she administered care to Union soldiers during the Civil War,
TRUMAN
Elected Vice president in 1944; 33rd President, after FDR's death; led the U.S. through the end of World War II and beginning of the Cold War
HABEAS CORPUS
Right to have charges filed or a hearing before being jailed
CHAPLIN
Actor who popularized the Little Tramp character,
D-Day
allied invasion of normandy, also known as operation overlord
Berlin Airlift
Mission during the Cold War in which the U.S. flew supplies to West Berlin after the Soviets blocked roads, railroads, and rivers
Arms Race
competition between the U.S. and Soviet Union to develop more destructive weapons
PALMER
Attorney General who ordered raids on homes of suspected radicals and communists during the Red Scare of the 1920's,
thirteenth
amendment which abolished slavery (ordinal number)
CAPONE
Crime boss of the 20's,
ARMSTRONG
Important African American jazz musician during the Harlem Renaissance; he was a talented trumpter whose style influenced many later musicians,
EMANCIPATE
Set free
1861-1865
Civil War
Andrew Johnson
Lincoln's Vice President; first President to be impeached
First battle of bull run
First real battle of the civil war, fought in Manasses
WASHINGTON
African American leader and educator who was born into slavery and later became head of Tuskegee Institute for career training for African Americans (Booker T)
Iwo jima
1945 USA invades this island and plant flag on mt. suribachi
Rosenberg
Couple executed for passing military secrets to the Soviets (last name-not plural)
YORK
Greatest American hero of World War I (from Tennessee),
CHURCHILL
British Prime Minister who opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain through World War II
BULL RUN
First real battle fought outside Washington, DC,
MACARTHUR
American general; he commanded U.S. troops in the South Pacific during World War II; later he commanded UN forces in the Korean War; also drove the Bonus Marchers out of DC
SPIRIT OF ST. LOUIS
Lindbergh's airplane,

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