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Modern Civ Ch 9

Terms

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Adenauer
The founding father of West Germany; leader of the Christian Democratic Union;
Beria
Stalin’s fellow Georgian who led the NKVD; arrested in 1953, he was shot; NKVD was reorganized
Eden
served as British Prime Minister after Churchill until Suez Canal debacle forced him to resign
Erhard
Adenauer’s lieutenant who emphasized economic recovery and expansion in West Germany and who left much up to the private sector
Gagarin
Russian; the first man in space (1961)
Gasperi
the most influential politician in Italy coalition government; helped restore Italy to economic and social stability; participated in 1948 Congress of Europe
Honecker
Construction of the Berlin began in August 1961 under this successor of Ulbricht
John F. Kennedy
Needed a diplomatic success after the Bay of Pigs and the construction of the Berlin Wall; helped diffuse Cuban Missile Crisis
Khrushchev
began de-Stalinization in 1956; almost ousted in 1957 by Soviets; failed a summit meeting with Kennedy; in 1962, installed missiles in Cuba and launched missile crisis
Macmillan
follwed Eden as prime minister in Britain; most able one of three
Malenkov
premier who filled Stalin’s role; fell from power in 1955 and his protégé was ousted from premiership
Mendes-France
Premier who was successful in 1954 in ending French involvement in Indochina
Monnet
The architect of French economic recovery and of European economic integration; put together a four-year plan that went into effect in 1948; Commissioner of Planning under the European Recovery Program/ the Marshal Plan who proposed a pooling of coal and steel resources in Europe (the Schumann Plan)
Nagy
appointed premier four months after Stalin’s death in Hungary; mirrored Malenkov’s New Course; included diversion of resources to light industry and an end to forced collectivization; established a new government in October 1956; declared Hungary’s neutrality and was crushed
Joseph Stalin
died in March 1953
Ulbricht
influential figure in the Socialist Unity Party agreed to follow a Soviet line emphasizing social and economic concessions in Berlin in 1953
Zhukov
the great Soviet military leader of World War Ii who backed Khrushchev in his politics and de-Stalinization;
Berlin Crisis
a series of crises which culminated in the construction of th Berlin Wall in August 1961; included the U-2 spy plan incident, the fialed summit meeting between Khrushchev and Kennedy and the construction of the Wall;
Berlin Wall
divided East from west Germany in 1961; Khrushchev decided to build it under supervision fo Honecker to seal off the border
“chancellor democracy”
Adenauer’s style of government which featured a strong executive and restricted democracy; acceptable because of Germany’s economic success and the delicate international situation;
Christian Democratic Union (CDU)
Konrad Adenauer was the leader; attracted members with widely differing interests and replaced the old conservative parties;
Cuban Missile Crisis–
Khrushchev installed missles in Cuba; (see 189)
detente
caused by Berlin Crisis and Buan Missile Crisis; continued even after America played role in Vietnam
De-Stalinization
Khruschev’ political poicy; blamed Stalin for past wrongs to deflect criticism of existing situation; tried to create more productive, efficient, and technologicallysophisticated economy;
“Doctor’s Plot”
evidence that Stalin intended to reinstitute the Purges of the 30's; a plot by several prominent physicians to murder important party and government officials
European Community (EC)
The Merger Treaty of 1967 combined the Eec, the ECSC and the Euratom into this; made up of France, West Germany, Itay and the Benelux
European Economic Community (EEC)
in 1957, the Treaty of Rome established this to eliminate customs barriers among its member states and to create a common tariff structure for the rest of the world;
European Free Trade Association(EFTA)
the British sponsored this much looser arrangement than the EEC;
guestworkers
the arrival of foreigners in large numbers added to the capacikty to produce goods relatively cheaply in Europe;
Marshall Plan
based on national plans which OEEC helped to coordinate; the U.S. provided much of the capital needed for recovery through it; its main contribution was psychological
National health Service Act
The expansion of the welfare state formed the second development in Britain after the war; this was the beginning of the Labour Party’s comprehensive social security system and socialized medical care program;
National Insurance Act–
see National Health Service Act (1946)
NKVD, KGB
led by Lavrenti Beria; after his death in 1953, it was reorganized as the KGB to curtail its independence;
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
signed in 1963 by Russia and U.S.; part of detente
People’s Repulic of China (PRC)
U.S. pursued policies to keep it from taking more active role in the war as part of detente
Schumann Plan
Proposed by Jean Monnet and Fforeign Minister Robert Schumann; a pooling of coal and steel resources in Europe
“socialmarket”
left much up to the private sector; combined good business management, efforts by industry to channel investments and to control prices, government intervention, and a long period of labor peace; enabled German economic recovery;
Sputnik I
the first satellite in 1957 with which S.U. took lead in space exploration
Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT)
most promised development of detente; successfully banned defensive missile systems
Suez Canal Crisis
British and French failed to regain control of Suez Canal in 1956; served to underline the ECSC’s states’ individual weaknesses
Treaty of Rome
184the Treaty which established the European Economic Community or Common Market in 1957

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