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Exam 3

Exam 3 Modern architecture

Terms

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Chicago Expositoin 1893
the white city, designed by olmsted burnham
Victorian Architectural books and Manuals
1930's through 1910's. Industrial improved. Many colors. Roof multiple roof pitches and plains. Mass is clustered. Wall surface lots of different kinds of materials. Gingerbread around everything. Porches
Parks Movement
Started by Fredrick Law Olmstead. People needed places where they could retreat. Used as a sourse of social facilitaion and change.
Equilibrated
a state of balance between opposing forces or actions that is either static.
Eiffel Tower
Designed by Gustave Eiffel. Demonstraited the new uses of iron.
Eclecticism
the combination of selected elements from different sources to form one whole; in architecture, the use of historic styles from previous periods to make associatoinal links between appearance and functional use.
Characeristics of a Louis Sullivan Tall building
Rectangular mass. Three part division. Clearly differentiated components in the blocks. Made the skyscraper possible. Metal frame. The terracotta sheeting of the metal frame. The elevator
Fredrick law Olmstead
Father of American Landscape architecture. Designed Central Park and Washington D.C. model was the romantic gardens.
Art Nouveau
designed by Guimard and embraced modern industrialism, with its integrated electric lighting and prefabricated materials. developed out of the arts and crafts movement.
louis sullivan
considered to be the fater of modernisum. asid to have created the skyscrapper
Elevator
Made skyscrapers possible. The first reference about it is located in the works of the Roman architect Vitruvius.
Arts and Crafts movement
Considering the machine to be the root cause of all repetitive and mundane evils, some of the protagonists of this movement turned entirely away from the use of machines and towards handcraft, which tended to concentrate their productions in the hands of sensitive but well-heeled patrons.
Brooklyn Bridge
Designed by John Roebling. Combines two structural systems, steal cables(tension) and the arches themselves (comprassion). established the structural basis for all modern suspension bridges; it also employed the first steel used in an American structure.
Bungalow
Rectangular mass with the short end facing the street. Has a short porch. Natural colors
Viollet-le-Duc
Central figure in the gothic revival in france. restorer of french medevil buildings.
the House and the American Dream
large yard. private ownership of property.
Daniel Burnan
Redesigned Washington D.C., helped design skyskrapers.
Paris Opera House
Designed by Charles Gamier. style is neo classicism
skyscraper technology
elevator, fireproofing, steel frame.
Vemacular
Vernacular means a building that is built by a common person and with materials that are native to the site.
Pierre L'Enfant
Redesigned washington D.C. laid it out in grid style. wanted to created a unifed concept expressed through physical forms. most important is the charcter of the street.
style
Mass, Plan, Detail, Overall Ambiance
Notes on the film, "the loop"
Single family detached home with its own yard. Stress on private ownership of property. Scene of family life. Gender roles. Content of nuclear family. Promise of security. Self sufficiency. Result of hard work. Alexander Jackson downy. Helped perpetuate the idea of revivalism. Balloon frame and heaven timber frame. The roles of different genders in the house
law of the indie
every city has a strong monumental center.
Early Colonial
Half timber with massive beams and posts connected at the corner with joints. Spaces filled with waddle and daub. Rectangular box. Two stories. The roof was steeply pitched. Windows small. Plain or little decoration.
Neo Classicism
Order. Used architecture of Thomas Jefferson. Suppose to remind us of the ancient Greek world. Virginia state capital. University of Virginia. Monticello
Catherine Beecher "Female shpere"
Wrote about the roles of different spheres in the house. A women's place is the kitchen
William Morris
designed red house. it was based on medieval vernacular prototypes.
City beautiful and city practical movement
Social ills would be swept away as the beauty of the city would inspire civic loyalty and moral rectitude in the impoverished. American cities would be brought to cultural parity with their European competitors through the sue of the European beaux-arts idiom. A more inviting city center still would not bring the upper classes to live, but certainly to work and spend money in the urban areas. Beauty could be an effective social control device. When they trumpeted the ameliorative power of beauty, they were stating their belief in its capacity to shape human thought and behavior. Sincere sense of responsibility to improve the lives of the inner city poor. .Civic loyalty itself, could provide the foundation stone for a harmonious urban moral order
adobe
Material that comes from the earth. Cheap and free. Used by all social classes. Quick and easy to make building out of adobe.
The Renassance
Saw a return to the basic principles of the classical architecture: regular alignments and levels, symmetry around a central entrance and proportions maintained between the parts and the whole. The classical orders provided a system of proportion and a vocabulary or ornament. The ideals were the centralized plan, the circle, the purest of geometrical forms.
Progressive era: Envionmental Determinism
the environment with which you live in greatly determines what you will do in life.
Antoni Gaudi
From barcelona, developed an architecture of brilliant color inspired by Moorish ceramic tiles and molded forms based on curved structural walls and thin masonry vaults. designed Catalonia.
Home Insurance Building
Desinged by William LeBaron Jenney. One of the first structures to use the metal frame with a tall building.
chicago window
It is a three-part window consisting of a large fixed center panel flanked by two smaller double-hung sash windows. The arrangement of windows on the facade typically creates a grid pattern, with some projecting out from the facade forming bay windows.
Fireproofing
made skyscrappers possible. the metal was protected from frie by tile cladding or concrete/plaster called terracotta.
The Guaranty Building
Designed by Louis Sullivan. Comprised of three general functional zones.
House of parliament
example of gothic architecure. designed by Charles Barry. rebuilt after burning taxes ignited the whole place on fire.
muscular chritianity
Linked ideas from the Christian bible and ideas about health. If you where physically fit then you would be morally fit. That's why playgrounds put in public parks
Ecole des Beaux Arts
Parity- A basic scheme. Mosaic-A grid. Marche-Movement through a building. a school that taught eclecticism
Steel frame
made skyscrappers possible.
Crystal Palace
Desinged by Joseph Paxton. made possible by the growth of in industry in producing iron and steel.
plat of city of zion
Oriented towards the center, series of city spaces. Oriented to the cardinal points of a compass. Streets where wide. Population was capped. Homes where located in town. Farmland on the periphery.
characteristics of utah rural town
settled by groups of people instead of frontiersmen. Because of this towns where established near the bottoms of the mountains. This expressed religious ideas of teamwork.
Louis Sullivan
Wrote "The Tall Office Building Aristically Considered". Three principal funcitoal zones. first level is shop level. second level is the mezzanine level which contained offices. thrid level is the terminating zone.
Late colonial
Form stated the same. Started to have a neoclassical form. Becomes symmetrical and formal. Pitch of the roof becomes more moderate. More detail. Log cabin. Way logs connected is called notching, grooving, or waddle or dab called chinking
Ranch
Low riding horizontal house. Built where there is a lot of land. Simple houses with little or no decoration

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