Unit 6 and 7 combined HolyCrap there is a lot yall
Terms
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- Boxer Rebellion
- A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country. (ending the open-door policy)
- Gentlemen's Agreement
- Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them
- Emergency Immigration Act
- congress passed as a stopgap until a permenant well considered law could be written.
- Fireside Chats
- informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people
- Gunboat/ Cowboy Diplomacy
- TR's policy the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of military power—implying or constituting a direct threat of warfare, should terms not be agreeable to the superior force.
- Social Security Act
- 1935; guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at the age of 65; also set up a federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health
- John J. Pershing
- commander of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF), was sent by wilson to capture pancho villa
- "a car in every garage"
- Henry Ford motto
- 100% Americanism
- slogan of second Ku Klux Klan
- Harry M. Daugherty
- was an American politician. He is best known as a Republican Party boss, and member of the Ohio Gang, the name given to the group of advisors surrounding president Warren G. Harding.
- Jingoism
- extreme/ fanatical nationalism
- Reservationists
- These were Republicans who wanted no part with the League of Nations unless there were some changes. THey were a burden to the vote on the League of Nations and had a part in its failure to pass.
- 18th Amendment
- Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
- The Great Migration
- 200,000 to 500,000 africans moved north from 1915 to 1930
- A. Mitchell Palmer
- was the Attorney General of the United States from 1919 to 1921. He was nicknamed The Fighting Quaker and he directed the controversial Palmer Raids.
- Sacco and Vanzetti
- In 1920 these two men were convicted of murder and robbery. They were found guilty and died in the electric chair unfairly
- Zimmerman Telegraph
- a telegram from Germany to Mexico telling them to invade the U.S. promising land and recources. Britian intercepted it.
- Fundamentalism
- Conservative beliefs in the Bible and that it should be literally believed and applied
- Bootlegger
- someone who makes or sells illegal liquor
- Nelson Miles
- was an American soldier who served in the American Civil War, Indian Wars, and the Spanish-American War.
- Anti-Imperialist League
- was established in the United States on June 15, 1898 to battle the American annexation of the Philippines, officially called insular areas
- Speakeasy
- A place for the illegal sale and consumption of alcoholic drinks
- Al Capone
- Gangster wanted by the government for the illegal sale of alcohol.
- Food Administration
- This government agency was headed by Herbert Hoover and was established to increase the production of food and ration food for the military.
- Fuel Administration
- Like the Food Administration, the Fuel Administration encouraged Americans to save fuel with "heatless Mondays" and "gasless Sundays." The actions helped create a sum of $21 billion to pay for the war.
- John Dewey
- United States pragmatic philosopher who advocated progressive education (1859-1952)
- Schenck v. US
- a United States Supreme Court decision concerning the question of whether the defendant possessed a First Amendment right to free speech against the draft during World War I. Ultimately, the case served as the founding of the "clear and present danger" rule.
- Bathtub Gin
- homemade gin especially that made illegally
- Propaganda
- information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause
- Francis Townshed
- California Doctor who supported elderly and wanted them to have pensions
- Insular Cases
- These were court cases dealing with islands/countries that had been recently annexed and demanded the rights of a citizen. These Supreme Court cases decided that the Constitution did not always follow the flag, thus denying the rights of a citizen to Puerto Ricans and Filipinos.
- Dollar Diplomacy
- Taft's foreign policy focused mainly on advancing American commercial interest abroad, a policy that was called this.
- Irreconcilables
- a group of senators who opposed the Treaty of V and the League of N
- Washington Conference
- was a military conference called by the administration of President Warren G. Harding and held in Washington, D.C. from 12 November 1921 to 6 February 1922. Conducted outside the auspices of the League of Nations, it was attended by nine nations having interests in the Pacific Ocean and East Asia.
- Franz Ferdinand
- archduke of Austria and heir apparent to Francis Joseph I
- William Randolph Hearst
- owner of the New York Morning Journal San Francisco Examiner, "give me the picture,and ill furnish the war"
- Isolationism
- policy of avoiding foreign involvement
- Andrew Mellon
- was an American banker, industrialist, philanthropist, art collector and Secretary of the Treasury from March 4, 1921 until February 12, 1932. He is the only Secretary of the Treasury to have served under three United States Presidents (Harding, Coolidge and Hoover).
- McNary-Haugen Bill
- was a proposed bill in the 1920s to limit agricultural sales within the United States, and either store them or export them
- De Lome Letter
- The Spanish ambassador insults President McKinley, accused america of being weak
- Teller Amendment
- This Amendment was drafter by Henry M. Teller which declared that the US had no desire for control in Cuba & pledged the US would leave the island alone.
- John Hay
- Secretary of State under McKinley and Roosevelt who pioneered the open-door policy and Panama canal
- Margaret Sanger
- She led an organized birth control movement that openly championed the use of contraceptives. She helped started the birth control movement, thus showing how women were changing.
- Versailles Treaty
- The compromise after WW1, settled land and freedom disputes. Germany had to take full blame for the war in order for the treaty to pass, among other things. The US Senate rejected it.
- Emilio Aguinaldo
- Filipino who was lead both the Phillipine revolution against Spain and then the United States
- John W. Davis
- an American politician, diplomat and lawyer. He served as an United States Representative from West Virginia (1911-1913) and Solicitor General and Ambassador to the Great Britain under President Woodrow Wilson. He is best known as a Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States during the 1924 presidential election, losing to Republican incumbent Calvin Coolidge.
- Quota Law
- that limited the annual number of immigrants who could be admitted from any country to 3% of the number of persons from that country living in the United States in 1910, according to United States Census figures
- Roosevelt corollary
- Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force
- Annexation
- The adding of a region to the territory of an existing country.
- Boondoggling
- in the sense of a term for a project that wastes time and money, first appeared during the Great Depression in the 1930s, referring to the millions of jobs given to unemployed men and women to try to get the economy moving again, as part of the New Deal
- Wets and Drys
- drys favored prohibitons and wets opposed it
- Charles Forbes
- Part of the Ohio Gang who stole millions of dollars from the Veterans Bureau.
- Elanor Roosevelt
- 1st lady, acted as president's eyes and ears, fought for womens rights and African American justice., changed the role of First Lady, helped husband out alot with presidency.
- Flappers
- Young women of the 1920s that behaved and dressed in a radical fashion
- Open-Door Note
- a concept in foreign affairs stating that, in principle, all nations should have equal commercial and industrial trade rights in China
- Frances Perkins
- U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet.
- Pancho Villa
- Mexican revolutionary leader (1877-1923) Did many good things, but killed a lot of people. Wanted to take money from the rich and give it to the poor.
- Rough Riders
- volunteer soldiers led by Theodore Roosevelt during the Spanish-American War
- Dust Bowl
- A drought in the 1930s that turned the Great Planes very dry.
- Sussex Pledge
- Agreement in which Germany ceases submarine warfare if British stop mining North Sea
- Gavrilo Princip
- The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand
- Bonus Army
- Group of WWI vets. that marched to D.C. in 1932 to demand the immediate payment of their goverment war bonuses in cash
- Phillipe Bunau-Varilla
- A french engineer and soldier who greatly influenced the United States's decision concerning the construction site for the famed Panama Canal
- Allied Powers
- Great Britain, France, Russia
- John Lewis
- was an American leader of organized labor who served as president of the United Mine Workers of America from 1920 to 1960.
- Leonard Wood
- a physician who served as the Chief of Staff of the United States Army, Military Governor of Cuba and Governor General of the Philippines.
- Volstead Act
- The Act specified that "no person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish or possess any intoxicating liquor except as authorized by this act." It did not specifically prohibit the purchase or use of intoxicating liquors
- Marcus Garvey
- Many poor urban blacks turned to him. He was head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and he urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business
- Treaty of Portsmouth
- (1905) ended the Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905). It was signed in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, after negotiations brokered by Theodore Roosevelt (for which he won the Nobel Peace Prize). Japan had dominated the war and received an indemnity, the Liaodong Peninsula in Manchuria, and half of Sakhalin Island, but the treaty was widely condemned in Japan because the public had expected more.
- Big Stick
- Teddy Roosevelt's use of military power for diplomatic reasons and foreign policy
- 19th Amendment
- Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1920) extended the right to vote to women in federal or state elections.
- Bruce Barton
- a leader of the advertising industry and author of a new interpretation on Christ in The Man Nobody Knows
- Xenophobia
- fear or hatred of foreigners
- Langston Hughes
- African American author of the Harlem Renaissance.
- Committee on Public Information
- It was headed by George Creel. The purpose of this committee was to mobilize people's minds for war, both in America and abroad. Tried to get the entire U.S. public to support U.S. involvement in WWI. Creel's organization, employed some 150,000 workers at home and oversees. He proved that words were indeed weapons.
- Jose Marti
- led the fight for Cuba's independence from Spain from 1895 through the Spanish-American War
- Sigmund Freud
- (1856-1939) Founder of psychoanalysis, created the first comprehensive theory of personality
- 2nd Ku Klux Klan
- used vilonece and threats was against jews catholics and immigrants.
- Prohibition
- the period from 1920 to 1933 when the sale of alcoholic beverages was prohibited in the United States by a constitutional amendment
- Russian Revolution
- the revolution against the Czarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a provisional government in March 1917
- The Influence of Sea Power Upon History
- an influential treatise on naval warfare written in 1890 by Alfred Thayer Mahan. It details the role of sea power throughout history and discusses the various factors needed to support a strong navy.
- Espionage And Sedition Act
- Two lwas, enacted in 1917 and 1918, that imposed harsh penalties on anyone interfering with or speaking against US partcipation in WWI
- Yellow Journalism
- Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers
- Charles Lindbergh
- United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean (1902-1974)
- UNIA
- Universal Negro Improvement Association
- War Guilt Clause
- 1.) formally blamed Germany 2.) charged Germany for $33 billion
- 100 days
- The House and the Senate met for 100 days between March-June 1933. FDR's new deal which changed the way American government operates.
- Court Packing Scheme
- Six additional justices would have been appointed. This was proposed in response to the Supreme Court overturning several of his New Deal measures that proponents claim were designed to help the United States recover from the Great Depression.
- Central Powers
- Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire-Turkey
- Mass Production
- The manufacture of many identical products by the division of labor into many small repetitive tasks.
- Sinclair Lewis
- United States novelist who satirized middle-class America in his novel Main Street (1885-1951)
- George Creel
- Headed the Committee on Public Information, for promoting the war effort in WWI
- Great White Fleet
- Name for the steam-powered ships of the enlarged and modernized American Navy of the early 1900s, Navy force that circumnavigated the globe to show off US naval prowess
- U-Boats
- undersea boat, submarine
- Trench Warfare
- war from inside trenches enemies would try killing eachother with machine guns and tanks, and poison gas
- American Expeditionary Force
- About 2 million Americans went to France as members of this under General John J. Pershing
- Speculation
- People bidding on stocks w/o paying attention to the company's profits and the poeple hoping they would quickly make a lot of money
- Calvin Coolidge
- elected Vice President and succeeded as 30th President of the United States when Harding died in 1923 (1872-1933)
- Harry Garfield
- While at Princeton, he befriended future president Woodrow Wilson, who during World War I asked him to serve as the nation's Fuel Administrator.
- Fordney-McCumber Tariff
- Congress displayed a pro-business attitude in passing the tariff and in promoting foreign trade through providing huge loans to the postwar Allied governments who returned the favor by buying American goods and by cracking down on strikes
- Harry Hopkins
- leader of FERA, granted 3 billion to states for direct dole payments or wages on work projects
- Wilson's fourteen points
- 14 points of why the US should make a plan for peace in Europe after World War I.
- Bernard Baruch
- Head of the War Industries Board, which attempted to impose some order on the U.S. war production
- Militarism
- A policy of glorifying military power and keeping an army always ready for war.
- Nationalism
- devotion to one's country
- Charles Coughlin
- A radio priest who was anti-Semetic and anti-New Deal. He catered away some support from FDR.
- George Dewey
- a United States naval officer remembered for his victory at Manila Bay in the Spanish-American War, U.S. naval commander who led the American attack on the Philippines
- Foraker Act
- law which ended military rule in Puerto Rico
- Liberty League
- Conservatives who did not agree with Roosevelt, they wanted government to let business alone and play a less active role in the economy
- National Labor Relations Act
- A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations.
- Moral Diplomacy
- President Wilson's goals such as to condemn imperialism, spread democracy, and promote peace.
- League of Nations
- an international peace-keeping organization proposed by Wilson and founded in 1920
- Black Friday
- price of gold plummeted; fisk and gould take control of gold supply
- Treaty of Paris (1898)
- signed on December 10, 1898, ended the Spanish-American War.provided that Cuba would become independent from Spain but the US congress made sure it would be under US control (Platt Amendment).
- National War Labor Board
- a board that negotiated labor disputes and gave workers what they wanted to prevent strikes that would disrupt the war
- The Big four
- Italy, France, England, and the U.S. 4 powers who met at Versallies to discuss peace
- Queen Liliuokalani
- the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests
- USS Maine
- Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War
- Kellogg-Briand Pact
- an international treaty "providing for the renunciation of war as an instrument of national policy." It failed in its purpose but was significant for later developments in international law
- Platt Amendment
- Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble
- Red Scare (1919)
- a nation-wide anti-radical hysteria provoked by a mounting fear and anxiety
- Pan-Am Airlines
- 1st airline service
- Herbert Hoover
- 31st President of the United States, president of the U.S from 1923-1933 leader of the US in the beginning of the great depression. He didn't want the gov involved in the peoples lives and thought that the people should express their individual rights.
- Teapot Dome Scandal
- a government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921
- dawes Plan
- A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success.
- Panama canal
- Ship canal cut across the isthmus of Panama by United States Army engineers; it opened in 1915. It greatly shortened the sea voyage between the east and west coasts of North America. The United States turned the canal over to Panama on Jan 1, 2000 (746)
- Doughboys
- a nickname for the inexperienced but fresh American soldiers during WWI
- 3 R's
- relief, recovery,
- Russo Japanese War
- Russia and Japan were fighting over Korea, Manchuria, etc. Began in 1904, but neither side could gain a clear advantage and win. Both sent reps to Portsmouth, NH where TR mediated Treaty of New Hampshire in 1905. TR won the nobel peace prize for his efforts, the 1st pres. to do so.
- Okies
- unflattering name given to Oklahomans and others from the rural Midwest, especially those who left the Dust Bowl looking for better lives during the 1930s
- George Norris
- Norris sponsored the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933. In appreciation, the TVA Norris Dam and a new planned city in Tennessee were named after him.[1][2] Norris was also the prime Senate mover behind the Rural Electrification Act that brought electrical service to under-served and unserved rural areas across the United States.
- Herbert Hoover
- 31rst. He was the Republican president when the depression hit. He advocated a "self-responsibility" role to end the depression since it was a routine event in a solid economy.
- Louis Armstrong
- United States jazz trumpeter and bandleader (1900-1971)
- Warren G. Harding
- a senetor from Ohio chosen by the republicans to be a candidate after WW1
- Henry Cabot Lodge
- conservative senator who wanted to keep the United States out of the League of Nations
- Stimson Doctrine
- Result of Japanese invasion, U.S Doctrine that protested to Japanese, us would not recognize any territorial acquisitions achieved by force
- Ohio Gang
- Harding's "advisors" who played poker, drank, and smoked with him in the White House
- Mexican Revolution
- The Mexican Revolution was characterized by several socialist, liberal, anarchist and agrarianist movements, and culminated in the Mexican Constitution of 1917 Led by Fransico Madero
- Alfred T. Mahan
- Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History.
- War Industries Board
- Agency established during WWI to increase efficiency & discourage waste in war-related industries.
- Joseph Pulitzer
- owner of the New York World newspaper/ Leader in Yellow Journalism
- Henry Ford
- Ford's dream was to make an inexspensive car that nearly every American could own. At last Ford developed the assembly line metod, which he used to produced his Model T
- 1918 flu epidemic
- was an influenza pandemic that started in the United States, appeared in West Africa and France and then spread to nearly every part of the globe
- Imperialism
- A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.