Book Four
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Samuel Worcester
- missionary to the Cherokees
- abolitionist
- an advocate of abolition
- credit
- the balance in a person's favor in an account, also an amount or limit to the extent of which a person may receive goods or money for payment in the future
- William Henry Harrison
- served the shortest time in office of any president in American history, first president to die in office-30 days after he was inaugurated
- investor
- one that invests, specifically one that seeks to commit funds for long-term profit with a minimum of risk
- to be "pooped"
- worn out, exhausted
- collateral
- accompanying as a secondary fact, activity, or agency but usually extrinsic to a main consideration, similar but subordinate
- John C. Calhoun
- major American political figure before the American Civil War, vice president from 1825 to 1832
- John Marshall
- fourth chief justice of the United States, established the Supreme Court as an important branch of the federal government, served 34 years, longer than any other chief justice
- Frederick Douglass
- leading spokesman of African Americans in the 1800s, born a slave, became a noted reformer, author, and orator
- Thomas Jefferson
- best remembered as a great president and as the author of the Declaration of Indepenndence, also won lasting fame as a diplomat, a political thinker, and a founder of the Democratic party.
- John Tyler
- first Vice President to become President upon the death of a chief executive
- James Buchanan
- served as president in the critical years just before the American Civil War
- mind your p's and q's
- something (as one's manners) about which one ought to be careful or circumspect, best behavior
- Benjamin Banneker
- probably the best known black person in early United States history, an astronomer, farmer, mathematician, and surveyor
- Barbary States
- North African Muslim states in the early 19th century: Libya, Algeria, Tunisia, Morocco
- judicial review
- a constitutional doctrine that gives to a court system and especially to a supreme court the power to annul legislative or executive acts which the judges declare are contrary to the provisions of the constitution
- Francis Scott Key
- wrote "The Star Spangled Banner" while watching hte British bomard Baltimore's Fort McHenry during the War of 1812
- Henry Clay
- leading American statesman for nearly 50 years, became known as the Great Compromiser because he repeatedly helped settle bitter disputes over slavery betwen the Northern and Southern states
- Zachary Taylor
- served his country for 40 years as a soldier and for 16 months as president
- default
- a failure to pay financial debts
- Alexander Hamilton
- a noted statesman and political leader during the early years of the United States, served in President George Washington's Cabinet as the nation's first secreatry of the treasury, also a leader of the Federalist Party, one of the first political parties in the nation.
- Tom Thumb
- the first American built steam locomotive
- Clinton's ditch
- Erie Canal
- Franklin Pierce
- served as pesident during a period of increasing bitterness between North and South
- capitalism
- an economic system characterized by private or corporation ownership of capital goods, by investments that are determined by private decision rather than by state control, and by prices, production, and the distribution of goods that are determined mainly in a free market
- Dewitt Clinton
- mayor of New York City, ran against James Madison for president in 1812
- Edmund Randolph
- a Virginia statesman, the nations first attorney general, later secretary of state
- free market
- an economic market operated by free competition, an economic condition of unrestricted buying and selling
- Andrew Jackson
- first president born in a log cabin, earlier presidents had come from well-to-do-families
- Nat Turner
- a black slave and preacher, led the most famous slave revolt in United States History
- James Madison
- fourth president of the United States, often called the Father of the Consitution
- Daniel Webster
- best-known American orator, and one of the ablest lawyers and statesmen of his time, gained his greatest fame as the champion of a strong national government
- USS Constitution
- a.k.a. Old Ironsides, famous frigate of the United States Navy, launched in 1797, oldest warship still afloate in any of the world's navies
- Martin Van Buren
- ran for president three times but won only the first time, served during the nation's first great depression, the Panic of 1837
- Samuel Slater
- a British textile worker who founded the textile industry in the Unites States
- Dolley Madison
- famous Washington hostess, wife of United States President James Madison, best known for her pleasant, open direction of Whte House social life
- Indian Removal Act
- passed by the United States government in 1830, called for eastern Indians to be moved west to make room for more white settlers
- Trail of Tears
- the forced removal of Cherokee Indians from their homelands in northwestern Georgia
- John Quincy Adams
- first son of a president of the United States to also become president
- White Sticks
- adopted white American domestic ways and a farming lifestyle; they joined the white Americans against the British in the War of 1812
- let the cat out of the bag
- to reveal hitherto undisclosed information
- James Knox Polk
- president when the United States added the greatest amount of new territory to the country
- Sagoyewathe
- a.k.a. Red Jacket, Seneca Indian leader and noted orater, strongly opposed attempts by whites to force their culture on the Seneca
- money economy
- a system or stage of economic life in which money replaces barter in the exchange of goods
- William Henry Harrison
- served the shortest time in office of any president in American history, first president to die in office--30 days after he was inaugurated
- speculator
- a person who speculates in business, one that engages in speculation as in stocks, bonds, real estate
- Robert Fulton
- American inventor, mechanical and civil engineer, artist, best known for designing and building the first commercially successful steamboat
- Marbury v. Madison
- marked the first time the United States Supreme Court declared a federal law unconstitutional
- bond
- an agreement binding one or more parties
- Millard Fillmore
- second vice president of the United States to inherit the nation's highest ofice, his most important action was his approval of the Compromise of 1850
- keel over
- to fall in or as if in a faint, swoon
- James Madison
- the fourth president of the United States, often called the Father of the Constitution
- aqueduct
- a conduit or artificial channel for conveying water, especially one for carrying a large quantity of water which flows by gravitation
- Henry Knox
- an American Revolutionary War general and the nation's first secretary of war
- Sequoyah
- Cherokee Indian, best known for inventing a system for writing the Cherokee language
- Daniel Webster
- best-known American orator, and one of the ablest lawyers and statesmen of his time, gained his greatest fame as the champion of a strong national government
- Clermont
- the first commercially successful steamboat
- abolish
- to do away with wholly, used chiefly of laws, cusotms, institutions, traditions
- Bastille
- a great fortress in Paris that stood as a symbol of royal tyranny. On July 14, 1789, at the beginning of the French Revolution, a large crowd of Parisians captured the Bastille. This act convinced King Louis XVI to withdraw his troops from Paris and to accept the French Revolution. Ever since then, the people of France have celebrated July 14 as their national holiday.
- interest
- right, title, or legal share in something; or the price paid for borrowing money generally expressed as a percentage of the amount borrowed paid in one year
- Aaron Burr
- vice president of the United States from 1801-1805, under President Thomas Jefferson
- Red Sticks
- maintained their cultural distinctiveness and fought with the British against the white Americans in the War of 1812
- kedge
- to use a boat's anchor as a form of self towing rope when one's boat is becalmed
- Osceola
- led the Seminole Indians in Florida during the Second Seminole War, fought attempts by the United States Army to move the tribe west of the Mississippi River to the Indian Territory
- Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom
- prohibited support of any religion by public taxation and forbade any civil disabilities (such as voting or office-holding) because of religious belief or the lack of it
- established
- (as in "established church") --funded/sponsored/supported by the government
- Tekamthi
- a.k.a. Tecumseh, outstanding leader of the eastern American Indian tribes in the late 1700s and early 1800s, worked to unite all the tribes into a single alliance that would defend Indian lands against invasion by white people
- War of 1812
- fought chiefly over British interference with shipping
- Francis Cabot Lowell
- an American textile manufacturer, founded the first mill that carried through the entire cotton-manufacturing process from raw material to finished cloth
- William Lloyd Garrison
- American journalist and reformer who became famous in the 1830s for his denunciations of slavery