Viruses Notes
Terms
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- What does Virus mean?
- nasty slimy poison
- What are some examples of viral diseases?
- rabies, measles, polio, smallpox, yellow fever, all the flus
- First *blank* were against viruses
- vaccines
- Define inoculation
- uses virus itself
- Who was the most intellectual woman of her time? What did she do?
-
-Lady Mary Wortley Montague
-Inoculated people by using ground up scabs of smallpox - Who was one of Lady Mary WOrtley Montague's infulential lovers?
- Jan Ingenhauz
- Define vaccination
-
-uses simlar viruses
-a slur that made fun of this process - What are Louis Pasteur's accomplishments?
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-pasteurization
-disproved spontaneous generation
-created vaccine for rabies
-saved french vineyards - Rabies
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settles in brain and spinal chord
almost 100% fatal - Who loved Pasteur so much that he died for him?
- Meister
- What does TMV stand for?
- Tabacco Mosaic Virus
-
Some viruses have a 3rd layer, what is it made of?
What is it called? -
-phospholipid bilayer
-envelope - What is a nucleocapsid?
- nucleic acid + capsid
- What are the subunits of capsid's called?
- capsomeres
- What are the 3 types of viruses as per their genomes?
- DNA, RNA, retroviruses
- What are 3 general shapes of viruses?
- complex, icosahedral and helical
- What's the range in site of viruses?
- 20nm-200nm
- Who discovered that foot and mouth disease is a filtered out disease?
- Loeffler and Frosch
- Who made up the word bacterophage
- Wtort, d'Herelle
- Who discovered that Yellow Fever is transferred by mesquitos?
- Walter Reed
- Who was the first to determine that TMV cannot be cultured?
- Ivanowski
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Conclusion: TMV is caused by a contagious living fluid.
Who said this? - Beijerinck
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Conclusion: TMV is a toxin from bacteria.
Who said this? - Ivanowski
- Who was the first person to crystalize TMV?
- L. Stanley
- Who determined the shape of TMV
- Franklin
- Who was the first to create a vaccination against rabies?
- Pasteur
- Who made the vaccination for smallpox by using cowpox pus?
- Jenner
-
Conclusion: Toxin-a chemical-produced by bacteria was causing disease. *WRONG*
Who said this? - Ivanowski
-
Conclusion: Something "much smaller and simpler than a bacterium" *RIGHT*
Who said this? - Beijerinck
- What are viruses carried by arthropods called?
- arboviruses
- What are the viruses that are the cause of many head colds called?
- rhinoviruses
- How are viruses named?
-
Random
Some named by the disease, vector that carries them, some by the hosts/tissue they infect, where they showed up, by their shape, by T-evens - What are some general properties of viruses? (4 things)
-
intracellular parasites
cannot replicate or metabolize on their own
not really alive
don't replicate by mitosis or binary fission - What are the possibilities of a virus genome? (4 things)
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DNA or RNA as genetic material
Circular or linear
Limited size genome uses host cell's proteins for most functions
variability of nucleic acid suggests multiple points of evolutionary origin. -
How are the proteins on a capsid arranged?
Why? -
so that hydrophobic "R" groups are positioned towards the outside.
Makes capsid resistant to: pH changes, temperature changes, radiation effects, resistant to water - What virus codes for colds and pink eye?
- adenovirus
- What virus causes genital warts?
- Papillomavirus
- What is the #1 STD?
- genital warts
- what are the 4 herpes viruses?
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Herpes simplex (regular and genital)
CMV-cytomegalovirus
Varicella Zoster (chickenpox)
Epstein-Barr (mononucleosis - What are some Major DNA viruses?
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Adenovirus
Papillowmavirus
Herpes Viruses - What are some Major RNA viruses?
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Influenza
Rotavirus
Paramyxoviruses
Enteroviruses
Ebola
Avian Flu - What causes hemorraging and is a 90% killer?
- Ebola
- What is related to Hendra?
- Paramyxoviruses-measles
- What does rotavirus cause?
- 3 months-5 year olds usually get it and it causes running nose, diarrhea
- What are the 7 steps of viral replication?
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1. Attachment
2. Penetration
3. Early steps in replication
4. Viral Nucleic Acid replication
5. Synthesis of proteins for capsomeres
6. Assembly and Packaging
7. Release - What virus causes stomach flu?
- enteroviruses
- define antigenic drift
- little changes in a virus
- define antigenic shift
- virus "recombines" or mutates
- define host range
- what cells can the virus infect
- virus has one or more proteins that interact with integral proteins or other structures on host cell to gain entry...what are 3?
-
peplomeres
tail fibers
some kinda surface proteins - what flu came straight from birds?
- spanish flu of 1918