History 230 continued
Terms
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- The Great War
- Fueled by european competition over trade,colonies,and allies. Two alliances had been formed.The triple alliance Germany-austria-hungary, and italy. and the triple Entente- Britain, france and russia. The Germans and British were fighting for world leadership.
- Violations of US Nuetrality
- The british started to sieze US ships that were providing germany with goods considered to be contraband. All items were considered contraband if it would aid germany in the war including food.
- U BOATS
- Were submarines used by the germans to break the british blockaid. Crews of 2-3 people. They usually struck without warning which was against the rules of warfare.
- The Lusitania and the Sussex
- Lusitania was a brittish luxury liner attacked by germans. Americans were among the people killed aboard. This caused Wilson to treaten to cut off diplomatic relationships. the sussex was a french steamer that was torpedoed by germany. US threatens germany to stop the use of subs and declared the sussex pleadge which included "search and seizure" which was impossible to perform on u boats
- The Zimmerman telegram
- Zimmerman sends a telegram to mexico staing that they would support mexico VS us and return US territories back to mexico. Mexico declines. This sparks outrage against germany
- Trench warfare
- Ditches were dug for fighting the war. Over 400+ miles in france in the east and in the middle of the trenches on either side was called no mans land. Each side lost 500k people
- The 14 points
- Peace without victory. Germans wanted to be treated fairly postwar. Open covenance no more secret treadies-freedom of the seas-no more subs-boundries of europe to be set by language.
- The War industries board
- Was run by Bernard Baruch and was designed to coordinate the economy by making purchases and allocating products and supplies as well as setting fixed prices
- The National War labor board
- Was instituted by wodrow wilson to keep factories running smoothly. THE NWLB dicouraged strikes and lock outs and urged management to negotiate with exisiting unions. NWLB forced GE to raise wages and after 800 western union employees were fired the NWLB pushed to reinstate the union laborors back to work.
- Committee on public information
- Headed by Geoge Creel the CPI was formed to gain support for the war. The group was comprised of writers and scholars who would use propaganda such as pamphlets and spoke in movie theaters churches and schools. These people were called 4 minute men.
- Espioange acts
- Was passed by congress to imprison Americans who spoke out against the government or war efforts.
- Sedition Acts
- This act made it unlawful to obstruct the sale of war bonds and to use profane language to describe the flag, government,uniforms. many people were arrested under this act.
- Schenk VS US
- In this case the court unanimously convicted a socialist party member for mailing pamphlets urging resistance to the draft. "free speech would not protect a man falsely shouting fire in a theater and causing panic"
- League of nations
- Was formed by Wodrow Wilson and was the focus of his idea of a postwar world.
- Article 10
- Every country in league of nations were to protect and preserve the other countries from attacks and military agressions.
- Warren G Harding
- was a former senator and newspaper owner from Ohio who won the vote for presidency by 61% with his campaign slogan being "return to normalcy" Was considered to be the least compitent person in congress.
- Calvin coolidge
- Was the governor of Mass and VP running mate in the 1920 elections. He also broke up the Boston Police strike
- Andrew Mellon
- Was the secretary of treasury during Harding's term
- Marcus Garvey
- Was a jamiacan who was educated in london who called on blacks in the US to form an alliance to help africans gain freedom from brittish rule
- KKK- postwar
- Experienced a rise in both the north and the south. The extended their hatred towards jews,catholic chruches,and uban decadence. Governors in 4 states were known klansmen in this era.
- Sacco and Vanzetti
- were two Italian-born laborers and anarchists who were tried, convicted and executed via electrocution on August 23, 1927 in Massachusetts for the 1920 armed robbery and murder of a pay-clerk and a security guard in Braintree, Massachusetts
- scopes "Monkey" trial
- Made it illegal for any state funded school in tennesee to teach anything other than the devine creation of man as described in the bible and to instead teach that man formed through evolution
- Herbert Hoover
- Was the secretary of commerce during Harding's term
- Red Scare
- a period of general fear of communists
- A Mitchell Palmer
- Was the attourney general who conducted raids against socialist parties
- Coolidge Prosperity
- was the decage after Hardings death that experienced great growth and prosperity after world war I
- Florida Land Boom
- Was fueled by outside speculators who would buy and sell lots numerous times within a short period of time. The real estate bubble burst in 1925.
- immigration quotas
- Congress set limits as to how many immigrants were allowed to enter the US to no more than 3% of the number of immigrants already in the us with a yearly max of 350k
- stock Market Speculation
- was a major reason for the depression due to companies and individuals buying large numbers of stocks and only placing a small down payment of the actual cost of the stock. People bought heavilly on margin
- Black thursday
- Was a term to disribe the collapes of the stock market in the 1920's
- Teapot dome scandal
- An issue surrounding the topic of the government controlling oil fields on public land considered necessary for providing the navy with needed oil