Church History-Luther
Terms
undefined, object
copy deck
- Luther/spiritual crisis/Verse reference
-
*depressed, anxious monk *feared Lord's wrath *understood his sin
*Romans 1:16-17
*saved by faith alone
*spend most of his time in confession - Indulgences
-
*release of penalties through payment of money
*began to take the place of works
*Church needed $ (St. Peter's Basilica)
* based on Catholic doctrine 'works of supererogation
*Christ isn't enough - 95 Theses
-
1517
*statements nailed to the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg
*first in series of acts leading up to reformation
*made views on indulgences known to the public - Core Teachings of Reformation (4)
-
1. Apostolic Church (preaching of the Word as the Gospel of salvation by grace alone)
2. Became members when you became a believer
3. Church-living body with each member
4. Bible=authority - Lepzig Debate
-
Eck vs. Luther 1519
*Debate on indulgences
*Luther admits that Council of Constanance was wrong for killing John Huss
*Strengthened cause among Luther's followers - Papal Bull
-
*letter issued by the church
*excommunicated Luther
*forbade Luther to preach
*called ppl to burn Luther's books
*gave Luther 60 days to repent - Three Great Reformation Treatisies
-
(To the Christian Nobility of Germany, The Babylonian Captivity of the Church, Liberty of the Christian man)
*Luther exposed the falsity of the Church's claim that men could be saved only through the priest and Sacrments - Diet of Worms
-
Charles V (emperor)
*ordered Luther to recant or kill him
*asked to recant teachings
**German state breaks from Pope in this
*Luther is not convinced and is bound by scripture - Luther's changes to the church
-
*Everything in the old Church that was not directly forbidden in the Bible should be retained (e.g. main altar with candles)
*NO transubstantiation
*God's presence is everywhere/Christ is spiritually present
- Consubstantiation
-
physical body of Christ "in, with, and under" the elements
*omnipresent, divine nature translates to human nature - Augsburg Confession
- German
- Peace of Augsburg
- allowed Holy Roman Empire's states' princes to select either Lutheranism or Catholicism
- Erasmus
-
*Dutch *monastary
*annotated Greek NT, Freedom of the Will
*Bretheren of the Common Life
* In Paris teaches at Montique - Zwingli
-
1484
*attacked indulgences
*mass was ablished; altars and relics were discarded
*Reformation in Zurich
*bread and wine are only symbols of Christ's body (differs from Luther) - Marburg Colloquy
-
Luther and Zwingli disagreed on Lord's supper (and other things)
*meeting at Marburg castle - Helvetic Confession
- Swiss reformed confession
- Lefevre
-
*early French reformer
*"Little Luther"
*commentary on Romans
*justification by faith - Farel
-
*fiery preaching in Geneva
*iconclastic
*general assembly voted Protestanism the official religion of Geneva
*zealous and influential promoter of Reformation
*helped Calvin - Calvin
-
1st International Reformer
*stressed Church is NOT under authority of state (separate, but work in harmony)
*stressed sovereignty of God (predestination)
*wrote Institutes of the Christian religion--greatest exposition of evangelical truth produced by the Reformation
- Geneva Academy
-
1st Protestant university in the world
*built by sacrificial giving of the common people of Geneva - Calvin's approach to reform
-
Regulative/ONLY do things commanded in scripture
*Psalms
*Denied State any power in church govnt.
*Calvin translated Bible in French-possible for common ppl to read - Anabaptists
-
*rejected any form of Civil government
*viewed as seditious
*radically counter cultural
*church=completely seperate from society
emphasized 1.religious experience 2.emotion 3. apocalyptic visions
SEE NOTES - Attitudes towards culture (anabaptists)
-
*rejected territorial church
*think Holiness can be achieved in this world
*denied original sin
*rejected infacnt baptism
*persecuted by everyone* - Mino Simons
-
Dutch Reformer
*fled to Netherlands with Anabaptists (aka Mennonites)
*pacifist (took sermon on mount literally..no oaths.. no violence)
*believed in congregational church authority - Schleitheim Confession
- Anabaptist Swiss Principles
- Gallic Confession
- French
- Hugenots
- Protestants in France
- Belgic Confession
- Dutch
- Heidelberg Confession
- German
- John Knox
-
Great Scottish Reformed preacher
*1560-Scottish parliament decreed Protestanism religion of the country
*Led Protestant reformation in Scotland - Scots Confession
- 1560; confession of Scotland
- Who laid foundation for reform in various countries
-
Luther=Germany
Zwingli=Switzerland
Calvin=Geneva, France, Netherlands - William Tyndale
-
Built off WyCliff; translated bible in English
*NT Greek to English - Miles Coverdale
- built of WyCliff; translated Bible in English
- King Henry VII
-
had six wives; excommunicated by the Pope
1. Catherine of Argon
2. Anne Boleyn
3. Jane Seymour
4. Anne of Cleves
5. Cathereine Howard (Boleyn's cousin)
6. Katherine Paee - Act of Supremacy
- King=head of authority of Church of England
- Mary I
-
Bloody Mary
1555
executed many Protestants
*executed Thomas Cramner - Elizabeth I
-
friendly to Protestant cause
- Council of Trent
-
540s
*re-affirmed Catholic teachings
*rejected salvation by faith alone
*rejected sola scripture
*Index-prohibited Protestant Bibles -
St. Barts Day Massacre
-
2,000 Protestants were murdered in Paris
*Catholics murdered Hugenots
*During French wars of religion - Edict of Nantes
-
1598
Provided a measure of religious freedom for Hugenots
*recognized them as French citizens - William the Silent, Prince of Orange
- Netherland Prince who rose in revolt against Spain, fell to assasains bullet
- Thirty Year War
- series of wars in central Europe
- Peace of Westphalia
-
ended 30 years war
*300 Independent States (freedom of religion)
*Between Spain and Dutch Republic *SEE NOTES