Science Test chapt 11-14
Terms
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- 6 steps of natural selection
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1. In nature, there is a tedency toward OVERPRODUCTION.
2. Not all offspring survive.
3. Variations are inherited.
4. Variation exist in any population.
5. Suitable ones survive and are past on while the unsuitable ones are lost.
6.The resulting population as a whole will change as it becomes better adapted to its environment. - fossils that show transition(fill in gaps) in evolution of a species
- transitional fossil
- the simplest dating that relies on the fact that older deposits are found below more recent geological places
- relative dating
- based on the knowledge that radioactive isotopes break down or decay at a constant rate called half-life
- radiometric dating
- includes the humerus, radius, and ulna bones, with front limbs of other mammals indicating common ancestry (comman stuctures)
- homologus structures
- structure once useful for an organism's lifestyle but now has no function
- vestigal structures
- study of developing organism relationships not obvious in an oraganism's adult life
- comparative embryology
- determine amino acids
- DNA base sequences
- determines proteins
- amino acid sequences
- what causes genetic variability in a population?
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1.mutations
2. recombinations of chromosomes during sexual reproduction (crossing over) - happens when a small population with limited diversity founds a new population in a new location
- founder effect
- the ability to walk upright on 2 feet
- bipedalism
- rapid changes in the number and kinds of genes in a small, isolated population that may lead to evolution of a new species
- genetic drift
- part of an organism, or a whole organism is preserved or petrified, trace of an organism that lived long ago
- fossils
- the study of structures of different organisms
- comparative anatomy
- branch of biology that groups and names organisms base on their characteristics
- taxonomy
- Binomial nomenclature
- 2 word naming system
- taxons
- kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
- kingdoms
- animal, plants, fungi, protista, monera, archaebacteria, eubacteria
- evolutionary history of a species
- phylogeny
- classification system based on phylogeny
- cladistics
- step by step way to classify organisms using a series of paired questions
- dichotomous key
- Names the process whereby species evolve in widely differnet ways and adapt to differnt roles in varying habitats
- adaptive radiation
- species not closely related can still evolve similar traits when they have similar roles in similar environments
- convergent evolution
- an adaptive trait involving a part of an organism's anatomy, such as the hoof of a horse or the beak of a bird
- structural adaptation
- a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
- species
- term for what happens when features of geography cause populations of plants and animals to separate from each other
- geographic isolation
- hypothesis that asserts that the normally slow and gradual process of evolution is broken by short periosds of rapid evolutionary change
- punctuated equilibrium
- evolution of a new species
- speciation
- situation in which there are rapid changes in gene pools in a small, isolated population
- genetic drift
- hypothesis of evolution that asserts that the changes in the evolution of species is slow and steady over very long periods of time
- gradualism
- one species evolves into 2 or more species with different characteristics
- divergent evolution
- process which by the best adapted individuals in a poplulation survive and produces similarly adapted offspring
- natural selection
- oraganism that survive in harsh conditions w/out oxygen
- archaebacteria
- 2 groups of primates
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1. prosimians
2. anthropoids - The prevention of interbreeding and gene exchange among species
- reproduction isolation