Final Study
Terms
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- ____ is often referred to as the present key to the past
- Uniformitarianism
- Which one the following clays is produced from chemical weathering?
- Dissolved ions and clays.
- The ___ ion at the center of a silicate tetrahedron is surrounded by four
- Si, O
- What are vesicles?
- Open spaces formed in the rock as the lava solidified around gas bubbles
- The ___ forms the relatively cool, brittle plates of plate tectonics.
- Mesophere
- Decompression melting is the cause for magmas erupting in volcanoes at this location:
- Iceland
- Which scientific law is most useful for relative age dating of strata?
- Fossil succession
- What is the most important role in physical weathering?
- Increaseed surface area.
- Which is most likely to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano?
- High viscosity, high dissolved gas content.
- What is used for studying rocks with a polarizing microscope?
- thin sections
- Which mineral would you least likely find in a mature sandstone
- augite
- A cherty limestone would contain which major constituents?
- silica, calcite
- In the rock cycle, an igneous rock can subsequently be
- any combination
- Clastic sedimentary rocks are named on what basis?
- grain sizes of the detrital particles
- Why is yellowstone such a dangerous volcano?
- Super calderas have enormous explosive potential
- Flint, chert and jasper are microcrystalline minerals with a formula of
- SiO2
- You're examining a rock with two predominant mineral grains easily visible to the unaided eye; they're of similar size. You see visible quartz and also a mineral whose chemical composition is determined to be KAlSi3O8, The best name for this rock is:
- Granite
- What is the primary factor producting textural maturity of a clastic sedimentary rock?
- Transport distance
- A snowflake is a mineral
- True
- The active Hawaiian volcanoes are sitauated directly above a major boundary between two of the Earth's largest tectonic plates.
- False.
- Calcite and dolomite are dimorphic
- False
- Olivine and pyroxene that crystallize at high temperatures are generally much less susceptible to chemical weathering at the earth's surface than quartz.
- False
- Mud cracks in a shale or mudstone indicate the the mud or clay was deposited in deep waters of an offshore marine environment.
- False
- Viscosities of magmas increase with increasing percentages of silica.
- True
- Plutonic rocks are intrusive and generally consist of mineral grains coarse enough to be readily visible in a hand sample.
- true
- What are the three principle types of lithospheric plate bounaries.
- Convergent, divergent, transform
- Name 7 of the 8 most important igneous rock forming silicate minerals
- plagioscape feldspar, muscovite mica, biotite mica, orthoclase feldspar, quartz, olivine, plagioclase feldspar
- Seven of 8 most important elements found in igneous rock forming silicate materials
- Si, Mg, Na, Ca, K, Al, Fe
- Three most important sedimentary rock forming non-silicate minerals
- Calcite, Dolomite, Gypsum
- The physical property denoting a minerals tendancy to split along parallel, planar surfaces is known as what?
- cleavage
- What term describes the larger mineral grains in porphyritic igneous rock
- phenocrysts
- Igneous rocks are classified on the basis of which two main characteristics
- Composition, texture