Biology100 Exam Review
Terms
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- Point Mutations
- happens at one part of DNA
- Examples of Point Mutations
-
-Deletions
-Subtractions
-Additions - Chromosomal Mutations
- random changes in genes
- Ex. of Chromosomal Mutations
-
-Duplications
-deletions
-reciprocal translocations
-inversions - Mutations
- the ultimate source of genetic variation
- Evolution
- change in allele frequencies over time
- Biotic factors
- predation, parasitism, females
- Abiotic factors
- fire, lava flow, earthquakes
- Natural Selection
-
-acts on phenotype
-operates at population level, not indiv. level
-not a source of genetic variation
-occurs through biotic and abiotic factors - Stabilizing
-
ex:Human birthweight
(goes to middle) - Directional
-
ex: antibiotic resistance
(goes to one extreme/side) - Disruptive
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ex: blood types
(goes to two sides/extremes) - Microevolution
- change in allele frequencies in populations
- Types of microevolutions
-
-mutation
-gene flow
-genetic drift
-nonrandom mating
-natural selection - Gene flow
- Movement of alleles between and within a population
- Natural Selection ""
- survival of the fittest
- Macroevolution
- change in groups of species over long periods of time
- Types of Macroevolution
-
-Homology
-Embryology
-convergent evolution
-fossil record
-coevolution
-parallel evolution - Genetic Drift
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-Chance events(effects small population)
-Inbreeding (decreases genetic variation) - HOmology
- similar features because of common ancestry
- Embryology
- pharyngeal pouches (gills) on emryos
- Convergent Evolution
- similar adaptations due to similar selection pressures in different geographic areas (ex: cacti and euphorbs)
- Fossil record
- Ex: horse
- coevolution
- interdependence of organisms