Lecture test 4 (chapter 13)
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- who was charles darwin and what was his theory?
- an ordained clergyman, theory of natural selection- any organism can produce more offspring than can survive, the ones that survive compete with others for resources in order to survive, they then pass the sucessful traits that make them better suited to their environment on to their offspring, eventually most of the population will have the sucessful traits, thus changing the population over time.
- what are the 5 evidences of evolution?
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1) the fossil record 2)biogeography 3)comparative anatomy 4)comparative embryology
5)molecular biology - why is antibiotic resistance becoming a health crisis?
- humans are accelerating bacterial evolution
- what are two ways that humans are accelerating bacterial evolution?
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1) doctors prescribe antibiotics when they are not needed, this will produce a resistant population in the patient's body
2)patients stop taking antibiotics when they feel better, this allows mutant bacteria with partial resistance to survive and multiply. - what are the units of evolution?
- populations
- what is the hardy-weinberg equilibrium or equation?
- when a population does not evolve it is in an equilibrium known as the hardy-weinberg equilibrium
- why do we use this equilibrium?
- can be used to estimate the allele frequency in a population and it tells us that evolution is happening everywhere
- what are the factors that can change or maintain this equilibrium?
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1)population is very large
2)it is isolated, there is no migration of indivuals into or out of the population
3)mutations do not occur
4)mating is random
5)natural selection does not occur-individuals reproduce at the same rate - wat is a bottleneck effect?
- a genetic drift caused by an event that reduces the population's size
- what is a founder effect?
- caused when a small number of individuals create a new population
- NATURAL SELECTION CAN ALTER VARIATION IN A POPULATION IN THREE WAYS (headline)
- one of the pictures on page 7