Forensics Exam One
Terms
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- What is Forensic Science?
- The application of science to law.
- Who was Mathieu Orfila?
- The father of toxicology.
- Who was Alphonse Bertillon?
- He made up the first personal id program in which a series of measurements were made and recorded
- Who was Francis Galton?
- He discovered fingerprints and came up with a way to classify them.
- Who was Leone Lattes?
- He discovered a simple way to determine the blood type of a blood stain.
- Who was Calvin Goddard?
- He came up with the comparison mircoscope and used it for bullet examination.
- Who was Albert S. Osborn?
- He wrote about document examining.
- Who was Walter C. McCrone?
- He was a leading microscopist and a great teacher
- Who was Hans Gross?
- He discovered the use of forensics to criminal justice
- Who was Edmond Locard?
- He had the "Locard Exchange Principle" which stated the exchange of materials between two objects that occurs whenever two objects come into contact with one another
- When did the FBI organize the first crime lab?
- 1932
- Where/when was the first crime lab opened (in the US)?
- 1923 in the LA police department.
- What are the basic services provided by a full service lab?
- Physical Science Unit, biology unit, firearms unit, document examination unit, and photography unit
- What does the physical science unit do?
- Applies principles and techniques of chemistry, physics, and geology to the identification and comparison of crime-scene evidence.
- What does the biology unit do?
- Apply their knowledge to bloodstains and DNA profiling
- What are the optional services provided by a full service lab? (5)
- A toxicology unit, a latent finger pring unit, a polygraph unit, a voiceprint analysis unit, and an evidence collection unit
- What is the "Frye standard"?
- This is the standard for accepting a certain proceedure as to if it is "generally accepted" throughout the scientific community.
- What is the flaw of the "Frye standard"?
- The flaw in this standard is that it does not allow for new processes to take hold
- What are the "Federal Rules of Evidence"?
- According to this standard it is the job of the trail judge to decide if expert testimony rests on a reliable foundation
- What are some other forensic services? (6)
- Forensic pathology, forensic anthropology, forensic entomology, forensic psychiatry, forensic ontology, and forensic engineering