gerontology exam1
Terms
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- 13
- % of population over 65?
- psychological aging
- changes that occur in sensory and perceptual processes, cognitive abilities, adaptive capacity, and personality.
- compression of morbidity
- goal of living disease and illness free for as long as possible. minimize the years of suffering and maximize the number of years.
- chronological age
- age based on a person's years lived from birth.
- 120
- maximum life span
- 47
- life expectancy in 1900
- 77
- life expectancy now
- 84.3
- females life expectancy in 2050
- less than 80
- males life expectancy in 2050
- 80
- females life expectancy in 2005
- 75.2
- males life expectancy in 2005
- gerontology
- scientific study of aging- field of study that focuses on the understanding of the biological, psychological, social and political factors that influence older people's lives.
- senescence
- universal. comes from within. gradually, not suddenly. always involves a lower probability of survival. cannot be reversed.
- hyperthermia
- overheating
- hypothermia
- loss of heat
- body temp regulation
- skin isn't good at this at old age.
- thinner
- skin becomes this.
- subcutaneous layer
- loses fatty tissue.
- bedsores
- skin changes increases the probability of this.
- melanin
- reduction of pigment in the skin.
- spinal discs and cartilage
- these between discs decrease in size and strength.
- "old old"
- shorter
- osteoarthritis
- degenerative joint disease. cartilage that protects the joints wears away.
- rheumatoid arthritis
- destroys joints through inflammation.
- arthritis
- number one crippler of all ages.
- osteoporosis
- age related, decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures. more common in women.
- hiatal hernia
- part of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity through opening where esophagus passes through diaphragm.
- diverticulosis
- lining of colon is pushed out through bowel wall, forming pouch.
- digestion
- declines with age. less gastric juice and less saliva.
- vision
- glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration.
- stoop
- good muscle tone causes older adults to do this.
- brain
- size and weight of this declines with age.
- nerve pathways
- these in the brain lose cells over time.
- free radical
- unstable organic molecules that appear as a by-product of oxygen metabolism in cells. reactive and toxic.
- vitamin e
- caused by free radicals
- hayflick limit
- after finite divisions, most cells die.
- wear and tear
- aging occurs because of the system simply wearing out over time.
- autoimmune
- with increased age, immune systems ability to distinguish between foreign matter and natural functions occurs.
- cross-linkage
- collagen in connective tissue binds body to provide support loses elasticity and becomes more rigid.
- activities of daily living
- ADLS
- ALDS
- walking, bathing, dressing
- IALDS
- meal prep, home management
- heart disease, stroke, cancer
- leading causes of death 65 and up.
- acute
- short term, cure, like pnemonia or broken bone
- chronic
- no cure, longer, like arthritis or osteoporosis.
- older adults
- more chronic than acute conditions
- stroke
- portion of brain is denied blood. blockage. number 3 killer.
- incontinence
- bladder control
- diabetes
- deficiency in production of insulin or utilization.
- type 1
- juvenile
- type 2
- onset. diet and exercise
- hypertension
- over 140 and over 90. blood pressure.
- hypotension
- low blood pressure.
- heart disease
- blood to heart is deficient because of narrowing of constricting of vessels.
- cancer
- groups of cells multiply and grow out of control causes multiple problems. number 2 killer.
- fluid intelligence
- biological, born with. creative or new solutions (problem solving)
- crystallized intelligence
- education and experiences. wisdom.
- terminal drop
- rapid decline in cognitive function within 5 years of death is another physical health factor that appears to be related to intelligence test scores.
- classical aging factors
- age and intelligence. ability to recall stored verbal info and the ability to use abstract reasoning tend to remain constant through life. performance tests decline.
- creativity
- ability to apply unique solutions to new situations. can be associated with fluid intelligence.
- wisdom
- wise behavior. factual knowledge. procedural. lifespan context. value relativism. managing uncertainty.
- errors of omission
- more likely to not give an answer than to guess and risk being wrong.
- disuse theory
- lost because you dont use it.
- interference theory
- lost because of distractions.
- TOT
- remember later.
- secondary memory
- long-term. permanent memory. ionic and echoic.
- primary memory
- working. temporary stage of holding info.
- AD brain
- plaques and tangles. brain shrinks. neurons shrink. folds decrease in size. neurotransmitters decrease in amount.
- disengagement theory
- inevitable and mutual withdrawal. decreased interaction. maladjustment. new person.
- activity theory
- maintain life satisfaction. replace roles.
- subculture theory
- based on symbolic interaction-ism. derived from others. need to be around older people.
- continuity theory
- characteristics formed earlier carries over. personality remains stable. evidence shows no sharp personality change.
- age stratification theory
- linkage between age, personality, social structure. resources. and late life involvement. population divided into STRATA based on age. hierarchy. 85 year olds like the same thing..
- modernization theory
- shift from animate power to inanimate. industrialization affects older people.
- exchange theory
- all social interactions involve the exchange of socially desirable resources. money. goods. respect. love.
- political economy of aging
- conflicts between those who have power and those who do not. the plight of the old people is reliant on the state of the economy.
- social phenomenology
- how reality is socially constructed. meaning of old age and the way that is negotiated from moment to moment.
- role loss
- giving up things like driving. or being a mom.
- age norms
- assumptions of age-related capacities and limitations.
- reserve capacity
- performance ability of heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs.