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gerontology exam1

Terms

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13
% of population over 65?
psychological aging
changes that occur in sensory and perceptual processes, cognitive abilities, adaptive capacity, and personality.
compression of morbidity
goal of living disease and illness free for as long as possible. minimize the years of suffering and maximize the number of years.
chronological age
age based on a person's years lived from birth.
120
maximum life span
47
life expectancy in 1900
77
life expectancy now
84.3
females life expectancy in 2050
less than 80
males life expectancy in 2050
80
females life expectancy in 2005
75.2
males life expectancy in 2005
gerontology
scientific study of aging- field of study that focuses on the understanding of the biological, psychological, social and political factors that influence older people's lives.
senescence
universal. comes from within. gradually, not suddenly. always involves a lower probability of survival. cannot be reversed.
hyperthermia
overheating
hypothermia
loss of heat
body temp regulation
skin isn't good at this at old age.
thinner
skin becomes this.
subcutaneous layer
loses fatty tissue.
bedsores
skin changes increases the probability of this.
melanin
reduction of pigment in the skin.
spinal discs and cartilage
these between discs decrease in size and strength.
"old old"
shorter
osteoarthritis
degenerative joint disease. cartilage that protects the joints wears away.
rheumatoid arthritis
destroys joints through inflammation.
arthritis
number one crippler of all ages.
osteoporosis
age related, decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures. more common in women.
hiatal hernia
part of the stomach protrudes into the chest cavity through opening where esophagus passes through diaphragm.
diverticulosis
lining of colon is pushed out through bowel wall, forming pouch.
digestion
declines with age. less gastric juice and less saliva.
vision
glaucoma, cataract, macular degeneration.
stoop
good muscle tone causes older adults to do this.
brain
size and weight of this declines with age.
nerve pathways
these in the brain lose cells over time.
free radical
unstable organic molecules that appear as a by-product of oxygen metabolism in cells. reactive and toxic.
vitamin e
caused by free radicals
hayflick limit
after finite divisions, most cells die.
wear and tear
aging occurs because of the system simply wearing out over time.
autoimmune
with increased age, immune systems ability to distinguish between foreign matter and natural functions occurs.
cross-linkage
collagen in connective tissue binds body to provide support loses elasticity and becomes more rigid.
activities of daily living
ADLS
ALDS
walking, bathing, dressing
IALDS
meal prep, home management
heart disease, stroke, cancer
leading causes of death 65 and up.
acute
short term, cure, like pnemonia or broken bone
chronic
no cure, longer, like arthritis or osteoporosis.
older adults
more chronic than acute conditions
stroke
portion of brain is denied blood. blockage. number 3 killer.
incontinence
bladder control
diabetes
deficiency in production of insulin or utilization.
type 1
juvenile
type 2
onset. diet and exercise
hypertension
over 140 and over 90. blood pressure.
hypotension
low blood pressure.
heart disease
blood to heart is deficient because of narrowing of constricting of vessels.
cancer
groups of cells multiply and grow out of control causes multiple problems. number 2 killer.
fluid intelligence
biological, born with. creative or new solutions (problem solving)
crystallized intelligence
education and experiences. wisdom.
terminal drop
rapid decline in cognitive function within 5 years of death is another physical health factor that appears to be related to intelligence test scores.
classical aging factors
age and intelligence. ability to recall stored verbal info and the ability to use abstract reasoning tend to remain constant through life. performance tests decline.
creativity
ability to apply unique solutions to new situations. can be associated with fluid intelligence.
wisdom
wise behavior. factual knowledge. procedural. lifespan context. value relativism. managing uncertainty.
errors of omission
more likely to not give an answer than to guess and risk being wrong.
disuse theory
lost because you dont use it.
interference theory
lost because of distractions.
TOT
remember later.
secondary memory
long-term. permanent memory. ionic and echoic.
primary memory
working. temporary stage of holding info.
AD brain
plaques and tangles. brain shrinks. neurons shrink. folds decrease in size. neurotransmitters decrease in amount.
disengagement theory
inevitable and mutual withdrawal. decreased interaction. maladjustment. new person.
activity theory
maintain life satisfaction. replace roles.
subculture theory
based on symbolic interaction-ism. derived from others. need to be around older people.
continuity theory
characteristics formed earlier carries over. personality remains stable. evidence shows no sharp personality change.
age stratification theory
linkage between age, personality, social structure. resources. and late life involvement. population divided into STRATA based on age. hierarchy. 85 year olds like the same thing..
modernization theory
shift from animate power to inanimate. industrialization affects older people.
exchange theory
all social interactions involve the exchange of socially desirable resources. money. goods. respect. love.
political economy of aging
conflicts between those who have power and those who do not. the plight of the old people is reliant on the state of the economy.
social phenomenology
how reality is socially constructed. meaning of old age and the way that is negotiated from moment to moment.
role loss
giving up things like driving. or being a mom.
age norms
assumptions of age-related capacities and limitations.
reserve capacity
performance ability of heart, lungs, kidneys, and other organs.

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