Geography: Africa Terms
Terms
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- Dr. Livingston
- First white man (explorer) to do humanitarian and religous work in south and central Africa.
- King Leopold II
- King of Belgium (r. 1865-1909). He was active in encouraging the exploration of Central Africa and became the ruler of the Congo Free State (to 1908). (p. 732)
- Nelson Mandela
- Born 1918. Spent 27 years in prison for helping spearhead the stuggle against apartheid (racial descrimination). Received Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. Elected the 11th president in 1994.
- Bedouins
- small groups of nomadic people in Arabia or Africa; nomadic Arab.
- Charles Taylor
- In 1997 was elected president in Liberia and began a reign of terror that ended only when he was forced into exile in 2003. (Blood Diamond)
- Berlin Conference
- A meeting from 1884-1885 at which representatives of European nations agreed on rules colonization of Africa
- Boer War
- Lasting from 1899 to 1902, Dutch colonists and the British competed for control of territory in South Africa.
- deforestation
- The process of stripping the land of its trees
- desertification
- The transformation of arable land into desert either naturally or through human intervention
- apartheid
- racial segregation involving political, economic, and legal discrimination against non-whites
- townships
- in South Africa, a poor urban settlement where blacks were forced to live during apartheid
- genocide
- systematic killing of a racial or cultural group
- genocide in Rwanda
- political genocide in which the majority Hutus murdered 800,000 of the minority Tutsis; US did not intervene due to recent attacks on US troops in Somalia
- Imperialism
- a policy of extending your rule over foreign countries
- 5 motives of imperialism
- Economic, Political, Religious, Ideological, and Exploratory.
- affects of impeialism
- Positive: Reduced local warfare, improved sanitation, Hospitals and Schools, Economic growth (telegraphs, railways, etc.), United in their hatred towards Europeans, people live longer. Negative: lost lands, lost lives (to warfare and diseases), Cash crops caused famine, destruction of cultures and traditional borders
- Darfur
- Western section of the country of Sudan which has suffered civil war since 2003 and has had over 500,000 people killed and 21/2 million people displaced from their homes
- HIV
- a virus that attacks and destroys the human immune system
- AIDS
- a syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood