World History - Chapter 23
Terms
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- What is a "weekend"?
- a distinct time of recreation and fun, established by new work patterns
- Coney Island and Blackpool?
-
Amusement parks
Mass Transportation made it possible for ordinary workers to go there - What are "day-trippers"?
- people who made weekend visits to the beach, wandered listlessly, with "no other aim than to get a mouthful of fresh air"
-
Who invented the lightbulb?
What did the lightbulb allow? - Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan
-
Who invented the lightbulb?
What did the lightbulb allow?
-
Thomas Edison and Joseph Swan
allowed cities to be illuminated by electricity -
Who invented the telephone?
When? -
Graham Bell
1876 - Guglielmo Marconi?
- sent the first radio waves across the Atlantic in 1901
- Internal Combustion Engine?
-
first in 1878, fired by gas and air - unsuitable until developement of liquid fuels
oil-fired engine in 1897 -
Key to developement of automobile?
By?
When? -
Light-engine
Gottlieb Daimler
1886 - Henry Ford
-
revolutionized car industry with mass production of the Model T
-
Wilbur and Orville Wright?
When?
Where? -
First flight in a fixed-wing plane powered by a gasoline engine
in 1903
at Kitty Hawk, South Carolina - What are cartels?
- Independent enterprises working together to control prices and fix production quotas
- What led to the assembly line?
- interchangeable parts
- Second Industrial Revolution?
- Played role in the emergence of basic economic patterns that have characterized much of modern European economic life
-
"sweating"?
done where?
by whom?
pay? -
sub-sonctractinf of piecework usually in the tailoring trades
at home
women
poorly paid -
"White-collar jobs"?
____ led employers to hire ____. -
service jobs
low wages, women - Contagious Disease Acts
- gave authorities right to examine prostitues for venereal diseases
- Leaders of the German Social Democratic Party?
- Wilhelm Liebknect and August Bebel
-
Social Democratic Party?
Was it successful? -
competed for German Parliament, delegates worked to enect legislation to improve condition of working class
Yes -
Leader of French Socialism?
His philosophy? -
Jean Jaures
Looked to French Revolutionary tradition rather than Marxism to justify revolutionary socialism - May Day?
- On May 1, international labor day to be marked by strikes and mass labor demonstrations
-
Marxist "revisionism"?
Also known as? -
challenge to orthodox Marxism (pure marxism)
evolutionary socialism -
Evolutionary Socialism
By?
When?
Challanged what? -
Eduard Bernstein
1899
challenged Marx's Orthodoxy - anarchism?
- belief that people were inherently good but had been corrupted by the State and Society
- Michael Bakunin?
- Russian who thought that violence could disintegrate the states and all its institution
- Public Health Act of 1875?
- Prohibited construction of new buildings without running water and internal drainage system
-
V.A. Huber?
Octavia Hill? -
foremost early German House reformer
rehabilitated some old dwellingd and constructed new ones to create housing for 3500 tenants - Garden City Movement?
- Advocated the construction of new towns separated from each other by open country
-
What are plutocrats?
Produced by? -
aristocrats coalesced with tthe most successful industrialists, bankers, and merchants
big business - Consuelo Vanderbilt?
- a wealthy American heiress, married the duke of Marlborough
-
who were domestic servants?
In 1900, ___ in ___ of employed persons in Great Britain was a domestic servant. -
unskilled laborers
1 in 7 - The Princess?
-
by Lord Tennyson
expressed the ideal of feminity aspired by women - Aletta Jacob?
- Founded first birth control clinic
- What was a suggestion of reformers who thought the problem of poverty would be solved by reducing the number of children among lower classses?
- "Family planning"
-
Boy Scouts were established where in 1908?
What did it provide?
What two things were combined?
What ideas were instilled? -
Great Britain
Organized recreation for boys ages 12 to 18
Adventure was combined with discipline
Patriotism and Self-Sacrifice - What was "yellow press"?
- mass-circulation newspapers written in an easily understood style and tended toward the sensational
-
___ and ___ appeared in the second half of the 19 c.
First ___ in London in 1849
___ were strictly oriented toward adults -
Dance Halls and Music Halls
Music Hall
Dance Halls - Thomas Cook?
- British prioneer of mass tourism, offered trips to Paris and Switzerland beginning in 1867
-
____ - soccer in 1863
____ - began in 1863, and had complete monopoly of professional baseball by 1900 -
Football Association
National and American Leagues -
Reform Act of 1884 did what?
During whose ministry? -
gave right to vote to all men who paid regular rent or taxes
WIlliam Gladstone - What was the Irish Home Rule?
- gave Irish self-government by having a separate Parliament, but not complete independence
- France's Third Republic?
- In 1870, set up after the fall of Napoleon's Second Empire
- What is the Commune?
- independent republican governtment set up by the radical republicans in 1871
- Who was General Georges Boulanger?
- Popular military officer who attracted public attention of all those discontent with Third Republic. He was expected to take over France, but lost nerve and fled France.
- In 1898, Spanish loss of the ___ increased dicontent with the status quo
- Spanish-American War
- ___ and ___ were gained by the United States from the Spanish-American War
- Cuba and the Philippines
- Kulturkampf?
-
"struggle for civilization"
an attack by Bismark and his followers on the Catholic Church -
Bismark's welfare legislation?
between ___ and ___ -
established sickness, accident, and disability benefits, adn old-age pension financed by contributions from workers, employers, and the state
1883 and 1889 - ____, eager to pursue his own policies, put an end to Bismark's career before Bismark could do what?
-
William II
carry out even more repressive measures - Magyarization?
- the Magyar language was imposed on all schools and was the only language that could be used by the government and military officials
- ___ was conviced taht reform was a mistake, institued "exceptional measures", and pursued ____
-
Alexander III
a radical Russification program - Nicholas II adopted his father's conviction that ___, but his approach was not realistic
- absolute power of the tsars should be preserved
-
Russfication?
served what purpose? -
Banned use of all languages except Russian in schools
to anger national groups and creat new sources of oppostition to tsarist policies - lower food prices were due to ____
- lower transportation costs
- beliefe of the imminent collapse of capitalsim and the need for socialist ownership of the means of production?
- Pure Marxism
- ...
- ...
- How much does your boyfriend love you?
- More than anything in the world