Biomechanics 2
Terms
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- muscles in body
- 434
- pairs of muscles responsible for movement
- 75
- difference between FT and ST fibers
- FT fatigue more quickly, can generate higher torque and power than ST
- Isometric
- no change in muscle length
- Concentric
- shortening of muscle
- eccentric
- lengthening of muscle
- Glenohumeral joint
- humerus and scapula
- Shoulder girdle
- clavicle and scapula
- Sternoclavicular joint
- sternum and clavicle
- Acromioavicular joint
- clavicle and sternum
- Rotator cuff muscles
- subscapularis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor
- Movements of the rotator cuff
- medial and lateral rotation, horizontal abduction, abduction
- Flexion at shoulder
- anterior deltoid, pectoralis major
- Extension at shoulder
- teres major, latissimus dorsi
- Abduction at shoulder
- middle deltoid, supraspinatus
- Adduction at shoulder
- lattisimus dorsi, teres major
- Medial rotation at shoulder
- subscapularis, teres major
- Lateral rotation at shoulder
- infraspinatus, teres minor
- Horizontal adduction at shoulder
- pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis
- Horizontal abduction at shoulder
- middle deltoid, posterior deltoid
- responsible for movement at the scapula
- pectoralis major, subclavius, levator scapula, trapezius, rhomboids, serratus anterior
- 2 sports with shoulder movement
- baseball, volleyball
- Flexion at elbow
- biceps brachii, brachioradialis
- Extension at elbow
- triceps
- Pronation
- pronator quadratus
- Supination
- supinator
- 2 sports with loads at elbow
- tennis, gymnastics
- Flexion at wrist
- flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, palmaris longus
- Extension at wrist
- extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi ulnaris
- Flexion at hip
- iliacus, pectineus, rectus femoris, sartorius
- Extension at hip
- hamstrings
- Hamstring muscles
- biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
- Abduction at hip
- gluteus medius
- Adduction at hip
- adductor magnus, adductor brevis, adductor longus, gracilis, pectinius
- Sports with loads at hip
- hurdlers, figure skaters
- Meniscus
- distributes load at the knee over a larger surface area to absorb shock
- Flexion at knee
- hamstrings
- Extension at knee
- quadriceps
- Medial rotation at knee
- semimembranosus, semitendinosus, popliteus
- Lateral rotation at knee
- biceps femoris
- 2 sports with loads at knee
- football, baseball catchers
- Plantar flexion at ankle
- gastronemius, soleus (calf muscles)
- Dorsi flexion at ankle
- tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus tertius
- Agonist muscles
- act as primary mover
- Antagonist muscles
- opposers that develop eccentric tension at the same time
- Muscular power
- product of force and velocityÂ…best training at 1/3
- Sport with power
- high jump, football
- Muscular strength
- maximum amount of force in one rep
- Muscular endurance
- ability to exert tension over a period of time
- Muscle fatigue
- less endurance, reduction in force and velocity, prolonged relaxation of motor units