Dyer- Science Final even chapters
Terms
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- energy
- Wave—a repeating disturbance or movement that transfers _________ through matter or space
- sound
- Combinations — not purely transverse or compressional; example: water waves, ________ waves
- slows down
- a passenger wearing a seat belt __________ as the car slows down and stops
- positive
- when heat flows into an object and its tempereature rises, the change in temperature is ________
- different
- Molecules pass energy on to ________ molecules
- energy
- Amplitude----a measure of the _______ in a wave
- matter
- Waves carry energy without transporting _______
- interferince
- standing waves----a wave pattern that atays in ________--
- the nearest point just like it
- Wavelength—the distance between one point in the wave and
- second
- unit for acceleration----meters per _______ squared
- solar heating
- energy from the sun
- FM
- Audio sent by______radio waves
- mass
- Kinetic energy= 1/2 _______*speed^2
- back and forth along the same direction and slinky
- Compressional waves — matter in the medium moves __________ that the wave travels; example: __________
- amplitude
- AM radio stations broadcast electronic signals by varying the _________ of the carrier wave; frequencies range from 540 to 1600 thousand vibrations per second
- smaller
- If the obstacle is much ______ than the wavelength, the wave does not idffracr much
- motion
- Kinetic energy-energy in the form of _________
- fast
- How ____ they travel
- space
- Electromagnetic waves are made by vibrating electric charges and can travel through
- hertz
- wavelengths are expressed in
- increase
- if the energy of the swing decreases, then the energy of some other oject must ___ by an equal amount
- bend
- Diffraction — an object causes a wave to change direction and _______ around it
- positive acceleration
- speed is increasing
- wavelengths
- Frequency — how many __________ pass a fixed point each second
- compressions
- Compressional waves have dense regions called _________
- radio waves
- low-frequency electromagnetic waves with wavelengths from less
- unbalanced force
- ___________ are unequal in size and / or are in the smae direction
- size, and direction
- balanced forces are equal in ____ and opposite in ________
- radar
- radio waves bounced off an object to determine its speed and location
- speed
- changes in______ cause acceleration
- microwave
- Communication satellites — high frequency _________ signal is transmitted to a satellite, which amplifies it and returns it to Earth at a different frequency
- velocity
- speed and direction of an object's motion
- gas
- May be solid, liquid, or
- incidence
- Angle of _______ —the angle formed by the wave striking the surface and the normal
- mechanical energy
- the total amount of potential and kinetic energy in a system
- time
- calculation for speed: speed=distance/ _________
- bounces
- Reflection occurs when a wave strikes an object and ________ of it.
- negative
- when heat flows out of an object and its temperature decreases, the change in temperature is ________
- forced-air system
- fuel heats air, which is blown through ducts and vents; cool air is reurned to the furnace to be reheated
- displacement
- distance and direction of an object's change in position from the starting point
- same direction
- waves pass right through each other and continue in _________
- rarefractions
- compressional waves have less dense regions called ________________
- refrigerator
- A ___________ contains a coolant that absorbs heat from the inside of the ________ and releases it on the outside as heat (answers are the same)
- decreases
- As frequency increases, wavelength
- heat
- thermal energy that flows from something at a higher temperature to something at a lower temperature is called _____--
- speed
- distance an object travels per unit of time
- surrounded
- Vibrating electric charges are ________ by vibrating electric and magnetic fields
- bending
- Refraction — the _________ of a wave caused by a change in its speed as it moves from one medium to another
- kill
- Radiation therapy is used to ________ diseased cells
- electrons
- A sealed vacuum chamber called a cathode-ray tube has a coated screen that receives _________ to provide images
- thermal energy
- the sum of the kinetic and potential energy of all the atoms in an object
- sound waves
- Telephones—microphone converts ________ into electrical signal
- vibrates
- all waves are produced by something that _______
- slow
- motion of Earth's crust---- so ______ we don't notice
- particles
- All __________ can behave like a wave
- solar collectors
- Active solar heating systems use _____________ to absorb radiant energy, which is circulated through the building
- frequency
- FM radio stations transmit electronic signals by varying the __________ of the carrier wave; frequencies range from 88 million to 108 million vibration per second
- direction
- when an object changes speed or ______, it is accelerating
- forces
- Electric and magnetic fields—related _______ that operate even in empty space
- gas
- May be solid, liquid, or _____
- radio transmission
- radio converts electromagnetic waves into sound waves
- mass
- objects with greater ________ have greater inertia
- add
- Constructive interference----waves ________- together
- 20
- Microwaves—radio wave lengths of about 1 to ____ cm
- inertia
- an object's resistance to any change in motion
- forward
- a passenger not wearing a seat belt keeps moving _______ at the car's speed even after the car stops
- all
- ____ types of waves can be reflected
- faster
- Light waves travel ____ than sound
- light
- Not all waves need a meduim to travel through; example: _________
- the vibration
- The frequency of a wave equals the rate of _________ of the source that creates it.
- liquids and solids
- Sound waves travel faster in ______ and _____________ than in gases
- matter
- Mechanical waves---- waves that can travel only through __________
- meet to
- Nodees----the places where two waves ________ cancel each other
- convection
- the transfer of energy by the motion of heated particles in a fluid is called ______
- form
- Energy conversions---- energy changing from one ____________ to another
- radiator system
- hor water or steam in a rediator transfers thermal energy to the air
- overlap
- Interference----theability of two or more waves to ____ and form a new wave
- transverse
- waves have crests—the highest points, and troughs—the lowest points
- distance
- Wavelength is the _________ from one crest to another and is measured in meters
- chemical potential
- __________ energy from food that is stored in your body is used to fuel processes that keep you alive
- microwaves
- Television satellites — uses _________ rather than longer-wavelength radio wave; ground receiver dish focuses the microwave beam onto an antenna
- wavelengths
- Frequency is the number of _______ per second; measured in hertz
- global positioning system
- system of satellites, ground stations, and receivers that provide information about the receiver's location on' or above the Earth's surface
- wavelength and opposite
- form when waves of equal _____ and amplitude that are traveling in _____ direction continuously interfere with each other
- mass, and speed
- The amount of kinetic energy an object has depends on its ____and its _______-
- angle of reflection
- the angle formed by the reflected wave and the normal
- different
- Molecules pass energy on to __ molecules
- reflection
- The angle of incidence of a wave is always equal to the angle of _________
- change in velocity
- acceleration=___________/time
- perpindicular
- Normal—an imaginary line _________ to a reflective surface
- passive
- ______ solar heating does not use mechanical devices to moce heat.
- range
- The entire _________ of electromagnetic wave frequencies is called the electromagnetic spectrum
- television
- sounds and images changed into electronic signals broadcast by carrier waves
- ozone
- layer above Earth's surface absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet waves.
- greater
- The less dense the rarefactions, the ______ the amplitude and the more energy wave carries.
- 300,000 km/s
- Wave speed—in the vacuum of space _________ electromagnetic waves
- joule
- the si unit used to measure energy
- gases and empty space
- Light waves travel faster in ____ and __________ than in liquids and solids
- currents
- Convection_____ transfer heat from warmer to cooler parts of a fluid
- AM
- Video sent by ________signals
- negative
- negative acceleration----- negative number with a _________ slope on a velocty-time graph
- fluorescent
- Ultraviolet light can be absorbed by some _____________ material sand released as visible light
- heat engine
- an engine that converts thermal energy into mechanical energy
- insulator
- material that does not let heat flow through easily
- matter
- Waves carry energy without transporting ________
- increases
- thermal energy_____ as temperature increases.
- motion
- a force can cause an object's _______ to change
- vacuum
- a _______ layer in a thermos is a good insulator because it contains almost no matter to allow conduction or convection to occur.
- mass
- changes in thermal energy can be calculated as change in thermal energy equals ______ times change in temperature times specific heat
- magnetic resounance imaging
- radio waves produce an image of the inside of the body
- carrier wave
- is the specific frequency of the radio wave to which a radio
- evaporation
- the human body stays cool by the ______ of sweat
- x rays
- and gamma rays — ultra-high-frequency electromagnetic waves that can
- kinetic and potential
- as a swing moves backand forth, its energy continually converts from ______ to ______ and back
- meters
- GPE=mass in kilograms x 9.8 m/s^2 x height in ___________
- moving
- electric charge creates a magnetic field
- matter
- Medium — a _______ through which waves travel
- mobile
- Satellite telephone systems — _________ phones transmit radio signals to a satellite, which amplifies it and returns it to earth at a different frequency
- organs, bones, and teeth
- X rays are used to provide images of ________ and to examine suitcases at airports
- chemical potential
- fuels store energy in the form of ________________ energy
- ultraviolet waves
- have frequencies slightly higher than visible light; can damage skin
- chemical bonds
- chemical potential energy----energy stored in _______ between atoms
- subtract
- destructive interference----waves _____- from each other
- vibrates
- Electromagnetic waves are produced when an electric charge
- above the Earth's surface
- gravitational potential energy----energy stored by things that are __________-
- photon
- Light can behave as a particle, a ________ whose energy depends on frequency
- solids
- ________, particularly metals, are good heat conductors.
- mass, gravity, and height
- the amount of GPE an object has depends on its ___________ , the acceleration due to ________, and its _________
- internal combustion
- an _______ engine burns fuel inside the engine in chambers or cylinders
- denser
- The _______ the compressions, the larger the amplitude is and the more energy the wave carries.
- temperature
- related to the average kinetic energy of an object's atoms or molecules
- at right angles to and heart waves
- Transverse waves — matter in the medium moves back and forth __________ the direction that the wace travels; example: __________
- heat mover
- device that removes thermal energy from one location and transfers it to another location at a different temperature
- energy
- Wave- arepating disturcance or movement that transfers _____ through matter of space
- towards
- When a wave passes into a material that speeds it up, the wave is bent _______ the normal.
- acceleration
- change in velocity's rate
- vertical
- plot distance on a ________ axis
- heating systems
- warm homes and buildings
- thermal
- friction converts some of the mechanical energy into ______ energy
- change
- energy is the ability to _______
- speed
- Wave _______ or v, describes how fast the wave moves forward
- blubber
- Most living things control the flow of heat by using special features such as fur, _______, or scales.
- changing
- magnetic fields create changing electric fields and vice versa
- newton's first law of motion
- an object mocing at a constant velocity keeps moving at that velocity unless a net force acts on ti; an object at rest stays at rest unless a net force acts on it
- pager
- a radio reciever on which a message is left
- motionless
- Potential energy-energy stored in a ________ object, ggiving it the potential to cause change
- vibrates
- All waves are produced by something that
- absorbed and reflected
- some radiation is _________ and some is ______- when it strikes a material
- conduction
- transfer of thermal energy through matter by direct contact of particles
- graph
- a distance-time _______ displays motion of an object over time
- visible light
- has wavelengths between about 390 to 770 billionth of a meter; can be seen with the eye
- constant
- speed that doesn't change over time---_________ speed
- instantaneous speed
- speed at any given point in time
- matter
- Medium-a ________ through wich a wave travels
- calorie
- the food _______ is used to measure how much enrgy you get from various foods.
- cell phone
- electrical signal creates a radio wave that is transmitted to and from a microwave tower
- less
- The larger the obstacle is compared to the wavelength the _____- the waves will diffract.
- positive
- positive acceleration---- positvie number with a ________ slope on a velocity-time graph
- collide
- Kinetic energy is transferred as particles ________
- vibrate
- Resonance----theability of an object to ________ by absorbing energy at its natural frequency
- larger
- If the obstacle is ____ than the wavelength, the wave diffracts a lot.
- motion
- when an object changes its position relative to a reference point
- rain forests, and deserts
- Convection currents create ______ and ____________ over diferent regions of Earth
- electrical heating system
- electrically heated coils in ceilings or floors heat air by conduction
- amount
- Law of Conservation of Energy----energy may change from one form to another, but the _______ of enrgy never changes
- more
- The greater the change in speed is, the _______ the wave bends.
- overlap
- New waves exist only while the two original waves continue to _______
- fusion
- Nuclear _________----- Weo muclei are fused together. Takes place in the sun
- horizontal
- plot time on a ________ axis
- bacteria
- Ultraviolet light can kill
- air
- gases such as ______ usually make better insulators than liquids or solids.
- 25%
- internal combustion engines convert only about _____ of the fuel's chemical energy to mechanical energy
- rate
- any change over time
- greater
- The more energy a wave carries, the _________ its amplitude.
- negative acceleration
- speed is decreasing
- compressional
- Amplitude of ______ waves is related to how tightly the medium is pushed together at the compression.
- heat pumps
- _______ can both cool and warm air
- outward
- Vibrating electric and magnetic fields travel from the moving charge
- net force
- when two or more forces combine at the same time, theyu create a _________-
- specific heat
- amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a materail y 1 degree C or K
- mass
- converting _______ into energy---- you must think of mass as energy when discussing nuclear reactions.
- waves
- Properties of electromagnetic _______ carry radiant energy
- matter
- Mechanical waves — waves that can travel only through
- inertia
- auto crashes---- the law of _________ at work
- light
- Not all waves need a medium to travel through; example
- broken apart to form two
- Nuclear fission---- Nucleus is _______________
- increases
- Frequency and wavelength—as frequency __________ wavelength decreases
- mass
- at constant temperature, thermal energy increases if ___ increases.
- direction
- changes in ________ cause acceleration 2
- cordless phone
- uses a transceiver to send one radio signal and receive another at a different frequency from a base unit
- faster
- Heat transfer by radiation is _________ in a gas than in a liquid or solid
- speed and frequency
- _________=wavelength x ______________
- away from
- When a wave passes into a material that slows it down, the wave is bent ____________ normal.
- air conditioners
- ________ cool warm air
- calorimeter
- A _______ is used to measure specifc heat.
- strech or compress
- elastic potential energy---- energy stored by things that ______________
- force
- a push or pull that one body applies to another
- radiation
- energy transfer by elctromagnetic waves
- energy
- How much ____ they carry
- difference
- Waves and particles—_________ not clear
- distance
- how far an object has moved
- final velocity
- change in velocity=_______-intial veloctiy
- higher
- Infrared waves—electromagnetic wave with a slightly ________- frequency than radio waves; people feel it as thermal energy or warmth
- average speed and distance
- speed of motion when speed is changing: speed=total _______/ total travel time