Medical T, Pharmacology
Terms
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- Physical and psychological dependence on and craving for a drug
- addiction
- drug action in which the combination of two similar drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each.
- additive action
- particles of drug suspended in air
- aerosol
- exaggerated hypersensitivity reaction to a drug or foreign organism.
- anaphylaxis
- combination of two drugs gives less than an additive effect (action).
- antagonistic action
- agent given to counteract an unwanted effect of a drug.
- antidote
- commercial name for a drug; trademark
- brand name
- chemical formula for a drug
- chemical name
- factors in the patient's condition that prevent the use of a particular drug or treatment.
- contraindications
- Governmental agency having the legal responsibility for enforcing proper dug manufacture and clinical use.
- Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- legal noncommercial name for a drug.
- generic name
- condition caused by treatment (drugs or procedures) given by medical personnel.
- iatrogenic
- unexpected effect produced in a particularly sensitive individual but not seen in most patients.
- idiosyncrasy
- administration of drugs in gaseous or vapor form through the nose or mouth
- inhalation
- study of new drug synthesis; relationship between chemical structure and biological effects.
- medicinal chemistry
- study of interaction of drugs and sub cellular entities such as DNA, RNA, and enzymes.
- molecular pharmacology
- drugs are given by mouth.
- oral administration
- drugs are given by injection into the skin, muscles, or veins (any route other than through the digestive tract).
- parenteral administration
- one who prepares and dispenses drugs.
- pharmacist
- location fro preparing and dispensing drugs; also the study of preparing and dispensing drugs.
- pharmacy
- study of the effects of a drug within the body
- pharmacodynamics
- calculation of drug concentration in tissues and blood over a period of time.
- pharmacokinetics
- specialist in the properties, uses, and actions of drugs.
- pharmacologist
- study of the preparation, properties, uses, and actions of drugs.
- pharmacology
- Physician's reference book that lists drug products.
- Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR)
- target substance with which a drug interacts in the body.
- receptor
- drugs are inserted through the anus into the rectum.
- rectal administration
- toxic effect that routinely results from the use of a drug.
- side effect
- drugs are given by placement under the tongue.
- sublingual administration
- combination of two drugs causes an effect that is greater that the sum of the individual effects of each drug alone.
- synergism
- instrument (tube) for introducing or withdrawing fluids from the body.
- syringe
- larger and larger drug doses must be given to achieve the desired effect. The patient becomes resistant to the action of a drug as treatment progresses.
- tolerance
- drugs are applied locally on the skin or mucous membranes of the body;
- topical application
- harmful effects of a drug
- toxicity
- study of harmful chemicals and their effects on the body.
- toxicology
- movement of a drug across a cell membrane into body cells.
- transport
- authoritative list of drugs, formulas, and preparations that sets a standard for drug manufacturing and dispensing.
- United States Pharmacopeia (u.S.P.)
- substance found in foods and essential in small quantities for growth and good health.
- vitamin
- lowers blood pressure. Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
- ACE inhibitor
- central nervous system stimulant
- caffeine
- used to relieve pain
- analgesic
- male hormone
- androgen
- reduces or eliminates sensation; general and local.
- anesthetic
- lowers blood pressure by preventing angiotensin from acting on receptors in blood vessels.
- angiotensin II receptor antagonist
- neutralizes acid in the stomach
- antacid
- slows the uptake of androgens or interferes with their binding in tissues.
- antiandrogen
- treats abnormal heart rhythms.
- antiarrhythmic
- chemical substance, produced by a plant or microorganism, that has the ability to inhibit or kill foreign organisms in the body.
- antibiotic
- prevents blood clotting
- anticoagulant
- prevents convulsions (abnormal brain activity).
- anticonvulsant
- relieves symptoms of depression
- antidepressant
- drug given to prevent or alleviate diabetes mellitus.
- antidiabetic
- prevents diarrhea.
- antidiarrheal
- prevents nausea and vomiting
- antiemetic
- blocks the action of histamine and helps prevent symptoms of allergy.
- antihistamine
- relieves nausea and vomiting; antiemetic.
- antinauseant
- reduces the tendency of platelets to stick together.
- antiplatelet
- inhibits the secretion of acid by cells of the lining of the stomach.
- antiulcer
- acts against viruses.
- antiviral
- reduces the amount of estrogen in the blood.
- aromatase inhibitor
- kills bacteria
- bactericidal
- inhibits bacterial growth
- bacteriostatic
- blocks the action of epinephrine at sites on receptors of heart muscle cells, the muscle lining of blood vessels, and bronchial tubes; anti arrhythmic, antianginal,and antihypertensive.
- beta-blocker
- prevents bone loss in osteoporosis
- bisphosphonate
- blocks the entrance of calcium into heart muscle and muscle lining of blood vessels; (calcium channel blocker)
- calcium antagonist
- acts on the heart and blood vessels. Includes ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, cholesterol-lowering drugs, and diuretics.
- cardiovascular
- relieves constipation.
- cathartic
- increases the production of urine and thus reduces the volume of fluid in the body.
- diuretic
- promotes vomiting
- emetic
- a hormone or hormone-like drug.
- endocrine
- female hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics.
- estrogen
- relives symptoms of diseases in the gastrointestinal tract.
- gastrointestinal
- hormone from the adrenal cortex that raises blood sugar and reduces inflammation
- glucocorticoid
- produces sleep.
- hypnotic
- weak cathartic
- laxative
- habit-forming drug (potent analgesic_ that relieves pain by producing stupor or insensibility.
- narcotic
- female hormone that affects the lining of the uterus during pregnancy.
- progestin
- a strong cathartic
- purgative
- treats asthma, emphysema, and infections of the respiratory system.
- respiratory drugs......bronchodilators
- a mildly hypnotic drug that relaxes without necessarily producing sleep.
- sedative
- selective estrogen modulator with estrogen-like effect on bones and fat metabolism.
- SERM
- excites and promotes activity.
- stimulants
- stimulates cellular metabolism
- thyroid hormone
- controls anxiety and severe disturbances of behavior.
- tranquilizer