final exam
Terms
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- toxins
- poisons that kill cells or interfere with normal funcitoning
- transparent
- a characteristic of a material that light passes through easily
- quarantine
- the separation of people with highly contagious communicable diseases from other people
- reduce
- to use less of a material
- contraction
- when matter is cooled and it's molecules take up less space
- spinal cord
- the part of the central nervous system that links the body and the brain and is located inside the spinal column
- dendrites
- long projections from a neuron that conduct nerve impulses into the cell body
- chemical property
- a description of how a substance can react with another substance to form a new substance
- axon
- a long projection that connects a neuron to other neurons and carries messages away from the cell body
- electrons
- negatively charged particles that move around the nucleus of an atom
- circulatory system
- the system that moves blood through the body
- wind farms
- windmills grouped together to produce electrical energy
- lymphatic system
- part of the immune system that transports nutrients too large to enter the blood stream and removes waste
- cerebellum
- the part of the brain that coordinates movement and helps keep balance; located in the back of the brain
- temperature
- measure of the average kinetic energy of the molecules within matter
- arteries
- the blood vessels through which blood is pumped away from the heart
- expansion joints
- the space between solid objects such as sidewalk squares to allow for expansion or contraction of the objects
- Centers for Disease control
- US government agency that collects and reports on medical information from various groups
- nonrenewable resources
- resources that cannot be replenished in 30 years, such as oil and coal
- synapse
- a space between neurons
- wavelength
- the distance between a point on one wave and the identical point on the next wave
- viruses
- small nonliving bits of nucleic acid and protein
- aquaculture
- a way to raise fish without harming their natural environment
- convection
- the transfer of thermal energy in a fluid
- World Health Organization
- an international organization through which different countries work together to prevent disease
- nutrients
- materials that living things need for survival
- efficiency
- the percentage of energy that is converted into the desired form
- proteins
- nutrients made of amino acids that are necessary for growth and repair of the body's cells
- frequency
- the number of wave crests that passes a point in one second
- geothermal
- heat from earth
- arable
- land where soil is good for growing crops
- infectious
- a kind of disease that is caused by a germ infecting or invading the body
- vitamin
- chemical compounds that help the cells function
- spinal column
- the row of bones called vertebrae in the middle of the back that contains and protects the spinal cord
- mechanical energy
- energy of moving parts
- salt
- a chemical compound that contains a positive ion from a base and a negative ion from an acid
- amplitude
- the height of a wave
- translucent
- the characteristic of a material that light passes through it but scatters them so no clear image forms
- fats
- high energy; high calorie foods
- fossil fuels
- fuels including coal, oil & natural gas from once living things decayed in the ground
- agriculture
- the science of producing food
- minerals
- elements or compounds that occur in nature, are organic and have their own crystalline shape; chemical elements that help your bones, blood and tissue
- neutral
- describes a solution that is neither an acid nor a base
- carbohydrates
- substances in foods that break down into sugar and give the body energy
- inexhaustible resources
- resources that are always available such as wind and solar power
- brain
- the main organ of the central nervous system that is located in the skull
- immunity
- the body's resistance to disease
- turbines
- wheels with blades powered by a fluid that converts steam energy to electrical energy
- refraction
- the bending of a light ray as it enters a different medium
- heat
- the transfer of thermal energy between objects because of their difference in temperature
- hemispheres
- two halves of the brain
- conduction
- when thermal energy flows from one body of matter to another through touch
- waves
- rhythmic disturbances that carry energy through matter and space
- conductors
- substances that conduct heat easily
- atom
- the smallest unit of matter that cannot be broken down chemically
- veins
- the blood vessels through which blood is pumped to the heart
- acid
- a substance that forms hydrogen ions as it dissolves in water
- hydroelectric power
- the production of energy by water power
- cerebrum
- the largest part of the brain
- insulators
- materials that slow down or prevent the flow of thermal energy
- neurons
- nerve cells
- indicator
- a compound that will change color when it is in contact with another acid or base
- ionic bonding
- bonding between atoms when electrons transfer from one atom to another
- organic
- having to do with or coming from living things
- ion
- a charged particle formed when atoms gain or lose one or more electrons
- hydroponics
- growing plants without soil
- communicable disease
- an illness that spreads from person to person
- thermal expansion
- the transfer of thermal energy that makes molecules spread out
- volunteer
- to give freely
- reservoirs
- pockets of oil or natural gas formed over the time in sediment
- angle of incidence
- the angle at which the light ray from a source falls on a surface
- electric power
- the rate of which electrical energy is used in measured joules of energy used in a second
- radiation
- the transfer of thermal energy through air and space
- radiant energy
- energy transfered by waves from warmer objects to cooler objects
- thermal energy
- the total kinetic energy in the molecules of a sample of matter
- reflection
- when light or other electromagnetic waves bounce off of a surface
- compound
- a substance formed by two or more elements
- pollution
- harmful materials such as chemicals and exhaust that contaminate earths air, water and soil
- electromagnetic waves
- waves composed to electric and magnetic that vibrate at right angles to each other
- fertilizer
- a chemical or organic substance that adds nutrients to soil
- atherosclerosis
- a disease that can lead to blockages of the arteries of the heart and neck resulting from a diet that is high in fat
- opaque
- the characteristic of a material that light rays do not pass through
- renewable resources
- resources that can be replenished within 30 years such as wood and compost
- nucleus
- the tiny very dense center of an atom that contains protons and neutrons
- proton
- a positively charged part of the nucleus of an atom
- meninges
- three layers of protective membrane separated by fluid that are wrapped around the brain and spinal cord
- base
- a substance that dissolves in water and forms hydroxide ions
- immune system
- the complex body system that helps fight off invading germs
- National Institutes of Health
- US government agency based in Maryland that collects and reports on medical information from various groups
- reuse
- to use a material more than once
- recycle
- to find a different way for a material to be used again
- elements
- substances made up of only one type of atom
- brain stem
- part of the brain that is located at the back of the skull that connects the brain and the spinal cord
- blood pressure
- the force of blood pushing against the walls of blood vessels
- neutron
- a part of the nucleus of an atom that has no charge or is neutral
- covalent bonding
- when one or more pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms