Bioligy Semester 1 Final
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- The work of a scientists begins with
- careful observation
- In science, a hypothesis is useful only if
- it can be tested
- Hypotheses may arise from
- all of the above; logical inferences, imaginative guesses, prior knowledge
- A controlled expierment allows the scientist to isolate and test
- a single variable
- The ability to reproduce resluts is an important part of any
- expierment
- The three particals that make up an atom are
- protons, neutrons, and electrons
- The space surronding the nucleus of an atom contains
- electrons
- The nucleus is made up of
- protons and neutrons
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons and
- the same number of neutrons
- Which of the following makes up a molecule of water
- two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen
- A covalent bond is formed as a result of
- sharing an electron pair
- Ice floats on water because
- water expands when it freezes
- The most abundant compound in most living things is
- water
- A solution is an
- evenly distributed mixture of two or more substances
- When salt is dissolved in water, water is the
- solvent
- Which of the following organic compounds is the main source of energy for living things
- carbohydrates
- The combined portions of Earth in which all living things exist is called the
- biosphere
- The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
- a community
- The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the
- ecosystem
- Which of the following is not a basic method used by ecologistts to study the living world?
- classifying
- What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems
- sunlight
- What is an organism that only feeds on plants called
- herbivore
- All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
- web
- The repeated movement of water between Earth's surface and the atmosphere is called
- the water cycle
- Nitrogen fixations is carried out primarily by
- bacteria
- Climate is a global factor that produces
- a wide range of environmental conditions that shapes communities
- The average year after year conditions of temperature and precipitation region is the region's
- climate
- Temperatures on Earth remain within a suitable range for life as we know it because of the
- greenhouse effect
- The greenhouse effect is a
- natural phenomenon that maintains earth's temperature range
- A mountain can affect climate by
- causing precipitation to fall mostly on one side of the mountain
- Which has become the most important source for enviroment change on Earth?
- human activity
- Carbon dioxide is released into atmosphere by all the following except the
- depletion of the ozone layer
- In the very distant past, most people
- lived in small groups
- one of the goals of conservation bioligy is to
- all of the above; manage natural resources, enforce enviromental laws and protect habitats
- What is meant by "a library of genetic information" in reference to biodiversity?
- all living organisms contain genetic information upon which humans can draw for future use.
- An endagered species is
- a group of organisms near extinction
- One of the greatest threats today to biological diversity is
- habit destruction
- Protecting ecosystem diversity is a goal of c
- conservation bioligy
- An old growth forest is
- a nonrenewable resource
- The sum total of the genetically-based variety of living organisms in the biosphere is called
- biodiversity
- Early hunters and gathers in North America are responsible for
- a major extinction event of large animals
- Why are fossil fuels nonrenewable?
- They require hundreads of millions of years to form
- As DDT moves up the trophic levels in food chains, or food webs, its concentration
- increases
- The goals of conservation bioligy include all of the following except
- introducing foreign spieces into new enviroments
- Land is a resource that provides
- all of the above; space for cities and suburbs, raw materials for industry, soil for growing crops
- Which of the follwoing is NOT one of the factors that play a role in population growth rate
- demography
- One of the main charecteristics of a population is its
- geographic distribution
- Which of the following tells you population density?
- the number of bacteria per square milimeter
- The movement of organisms into a given area from another area is called
- immigration
- When orgainisms move out of a population, this is known as
- emigration
- Which are two ways a population can decrease in size
- decreased birthrate and emigration
- When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate, it is called
- expnetial growth
- As resources in a population become less availible, population growth
- reaches carrying capacity
- Which factor might NOT contribute to an exponetial growth rate in a given population
- reduced resources
- If the poulation grows larger than the carrying capacity of the enviroment, the
- death rate may rise.
- Demography is the scientific study of
- human populations
- Demograohic transition is change from high birthrates and high death rates to
- a low birthrate and low death rate
- The human population expierence exponential growth after
- the industrial revolution began
- The anticipated human population by the year 2050 is about
- 9 billion
- The symbiotic relationship between a flowe and the insect that feeds on its nectar is an example of
- mutualism because the flower provides the insect with food, and the insect pollinates the flower
- An organisms niche is
- the way the organism uses the range of physical and biological conditions in which it lives
- The chemistry of aquatic ecosystems is determined by the
- amount of salts, nutrients, and oxygen dissolved in the water
- The unequal heating of the Earth's surface
- all of the above, drives wind and ocean currents, has important effects on Earth's climate regions, and cause winds that transport heat throughout the biosphere
- What is one difference between primary and secondary succesion
- secondary sucession begins on soil and primary succession begins on newly exposed surfaces
- All of the following contribute to the Earth's climate EXCEPT
- biomes and ecosystems
- Ponds and lakes are
- standing-water ecosystems
- The photic zone
- extends to a depth of about 200 meters
- Earth has three main climate zones because of the differneces in latitude and
- angle of heating
- No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time
- because of the competitive exclusion principle
- The branch of bioligy dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their enviroment is called
- ecology
- An organism that cannot make its own food is called a
- heterotroph
- Green plants are
- producers
- Matter can recycle through the biosphere because
- biological systems do not use up matter, they transform it
- Organisms that obtain nutrients by breaking down dead and decaying plants and animals are called
- decomposers
- What animals eat both producers and consumers
- omnivores
- If a reaction in one direction releases energy, the reaction in the opposite direction
- absorbs energy
- What is the process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemical?
- chemical reaction
- Suspensions are mixtures
- of water and undissolved material
- In chemical reactions, atoms are
- rearranged
- The small dense region in the nucleus where the assembly of ribosomes begins is called the
- nucleolus
- The hollow tubes of protein, about 25 nanometers in diameter, that help maintain the shape of the cell are called
- microtubules
- Which organelles can use energy from sunlight to create energy-rich food molecules?
- chloropasts
- What is the process by which material is taken into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane?
- endoctosis
- The fourth and highest level of organization in multicellular organism is
- an organ system
- The Calvin cycle is another name for
- light-independent reactions
- Where are photosystems I and II found?
- in the thylakoid membrane
- Organisms that cannot make their own food and must obtain energy from the foods they eat are called
- heterotrophs
- A granum is a
- stack of thylakoids
- Organisms, such as plants, that make their own food are called
- autotrophs
- Most plants appear green because chlorophyII
- does not absorb green light
- The stroma is the space that surronds
- thylakoids
- Which of the following id NOT an example of a heterotroph
- grass
- Jan van Helmont concluded that plants gain most of their mass from
- water
- Where do the light-dependent reactions take place?
- in the thylakoid membranes
- Plants gather the sun;s energy with light-absorbing molecules called
- pigments
- Which of the following is an autotroph?
- tree
- Which of the following are used in overall reactions for photosynthesis?
- carbon dioxide, water, light
- Plants take in the sun's energy by absorbing
- sunlight
- Photosynthesis uses sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into
- oxygen and high-energy sugars
- Animal cells cannot carry out
- alcoholic fermenatation
- In the Krebs cycle
- pyrivic acid is broken down into CO2 and H20
- In cellular respiration, the final electron acceptor is
- water
- In glycolysis, each glucose molecule is broken down into
- two molecules of pyruvic acid
- The first set of reactions in cellular respiration is
- glycolysis
- Which compounds are produced by the two main types of fermentation?
- alchohol or lactic acid
- The energy that is released during cellular respiration is stored as
- ATP and NADH
- Each of the following processes realses energy from glucose EXCEPT
- photosynthesis
- The most important product of the electron transport chain in cellular respiration is
- NAD+
- Cellular respiration benefits organisms by
- transferring energy to ATP
- As a cell becomes larger, its
- volume increases faster than its surface area
- The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells is called
- cell division
- When during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible
- only during cell division
- Name three phases in the cell cycle
- G1 phase G2 phase M phase
- When during the cell cycle is a cell's DNA replicated
- S phase
- The cell cycle is the
- series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
- The two main stages of cell division are called
- cytokinesis and mitosis
- Cancer is a disorder in which some cells have lost the ability to control their
- growth rate
- Cancer cells form masses of cells called
- tumors
- In eukaryotic cells, the timing of the cell cycle is regulated by
- cyclins