Anatomy (Cosmetology)
Terms
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- Anatomy
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The study of the structures of the human body that can be seen with the naked eye and what they are made up of.
The science of the structure of organisms or of their parts - Physiology
- The study of the functions and activities performed by the body structures
- Histology
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The study of the science of the minute structures of organic tissues
Microscopic anatomy - Cell
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The basic unit of all living things, from bacteria to plants to animals to human beings.
Responsible for carrying all life processes.
Trillions of cells in varying sizes, shapes, and purposes - Protoplasm
- a colorless jellylike substance in shich food elements such as proteins, fats, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and warter are present
- Necleus
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The dense, active protoplasm found in the center of the cell.
It plays an important part in cell reproduction and metabolism - Cytoplasm
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All the protoplasm of a cell, except for the necleus.
The watery fluid that contains food material necessary for growth, reproduction and self-repair of the cell. - Cell Membrane
- encloses the protoplasm and permits soluable substances to enter and leave the cell
- Mitosis
- Most cell reproduce by dividing into 2 identical cells called daugher cells
- Favorable conditions for cell growth and reproduction
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Food
Oxygen
Water
Suitable temperatures
Ability to eleminate waste - Metabolism
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a chemical process that takes place in living organisms, whereby teh cells are nourished and carry our their activities.
Anabolism and Catabolism - Anabolism
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Constructive metabolism
Process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones.
During this process, the body stores water, food, and oxygen for atime when it will be needed for cell growth and repair - Catabolism
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Phase of metabolism that involves teh breaking down of complex compounds within the sell into smaller ones.
Releases enerty that is stored by special molecules to be used in muscle contractions, body secretions or heat production. - Tissue
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A collection of similar cells that perform a particular function.
Body tissues are composed of 60 to 90 % water
5 types of tissue in the body - Nerve Tissue
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Carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions.
Composed of special cells known as neurons, which make up the nerves, brain, and spinal cord. - Muscular Tissue
- Contract and move the various parts of the body
- Liquid Tissue
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Carry food, waste products and hormones through the body.
Blood and Lymph - Epitherial Tissue
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Protective covering on the body surface.
Skin, mucus membrane and the lining of the heard, digestive and respiratory organs, and glands - Connective Tissue
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Support, protect, and bind together other tissues of the body.
Bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons, fascia (which separates muscles) and fat or adipose tissue - Organs
- Groups of tissues designed to perform a specific function
- Brain
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Sends and receives telegraphic messages through 12 pr of cranial nerves.
Controls the body: sensation, muscular, & glandular
Largest and most comples nerve tissue in the body.
Contained in the cranium
Weighs 44 to 48 oz - Eyes
- Control Vision
- Heart
- Circulates the blood
- Kidneys
- Excretes water and waste products
- Lungs
- Supply oxygen to the blood
- LIver
- Removes toxic products of digestion
- Skin
- Forms external protective covering of hte body
- Stomach and Intestines
- Digest Foods
- Systems
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a group of bodily organs acting together to perform one or more functions
10 major systems - Muscular System
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Covers, shapes an dsupports the skeleton tissue, also contracts and moves various parts of the body.
Consists of muscles
640 muscles / 40% of the body weight - Respiratory System
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enables breathing, supplying the body with oxygen, and elimiating carbon dioxide as a waste product.
Consists of lungs and air passages. - Skeletal System
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Physical foundation of the body.
Consists of the bones and moveable and immovable joints.
206 bones
1/3 animal matter
2/3 mineral matter - calcium carbonate & calcium phosphate - Circulatory System
- controls the steady circulation of the blood trhough the body by means of the heart and blood vessels
- Reproductive System
- responsible for processes by which plants and animals produce offspring
- Endocrine System
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Affects the growth, development, sexual activity, and health of the entire body.
Consists of specialized glands