History Exam Guide
Do you know YOUR history?
Terms
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- Capitalism
- The private ownership of wealth/capital
- Babur
- Founded the Mughal Empire
- Osman
- Founded the Ottoman Empire
- Suleiman the Lawgiver
- He binded the ottoman empire, was the "greatest" sultan
- Adam Smith
- He believed that there will always be a lower class and that there will always be poverty
- Nationalism
- The belief that nations are the natural way societies organize themselves
- Louis XIV
- this French king built Palace of Versailles, created a 400,000 man army, and took militaristic power from nobles
- Cervantes
- A spanish writer, wrote Don Quixote
- Realism
- The form of art (1850-1900) that focuses on hard realities, personal experiences, everyday subjects
- Tokugawa Ieyasu
- Became shogun with Oda's death, created alternate attendance
- Safavids
- This Gunpowder Empire was located in Iran/Persia, Shi'ites
- 3 G's
- The three reasons europeans explored the world: gold, god, and glory
- Belgian Congo
- King Leopold II of Belgium covered up inhumane stories about this empire in africa
- Hongwu
- Founded Ming dynasty, made military reforms, tyrant
- The Columbian Exchange
- The global transfer of foods, plants, and animals during the colonization of America
- Thomas Malthus
- He belived that as populations go up, wages decrease
- Middle Kingdom Complex
- The thought that China was the center of the universe
- United Provinces of the Netherlands
- Divided religously, a rebellious piece of the Spanish Hapsburg
- Creoles
- People born in latin america with spanish descent
- Sepoy Mutiny
- The rebellion of Indians against the British, due to the "bullet biting" (fat sealing)
- Maria Theresa
- Monarch of Austria during War of Austrian Succesion, attempted for absolute power, Hapsburg Dynasty
- The Ancien Regime
- this french class system was composed of 3 estates: 1st- Clergy, 2nd- Nobility, 3rd- Commoners
- Absolutism
- The belief that ALL power should be in the hands of the monarch
- Newcomen
- He invented the steam machine in cronwall
- Treaty of Versailles
- This agreement said that Germany accepts all blames for WWI, their territory is taken away
- Phillip II
- The son of Charles V, ruled the Spanish Hapsburg, had many economic problems
- Joint-stock Company
- A buisiness in which a number of people pool theyre wealth for a common purpose
- General Schlieffen
- This German general created plans (named after himself) of a step by step way to conquer Europe
- Sepoys
- Indian soldiers in the British army, overseeing their colony
- Malaria
- The mosquitoe transported disease in africa that severely limited European travel
- Prince Henry the Navigator
- From Portugal, lead exploration of African coast
- Peninsulares
- The people born in Spain/Portugal that had highest positions of power in Latin America
- Simon Bolivar
- Rebellion Leader in latin America
- Charles I
- Believed completely in Divine Right, dissolved parlaiment 3 times because of money issues
- Hundred Days
- The period where the Big 4 put the Bourbon Dynasty back in charge of France, after Napoleon
- Age of Exploration
- This age was caused by the creation of astrolabes, telescopes, etc.
- Impressionism
- The form of art (1860-1886) that focuses on the fact that there is no absolute color (blends), capture the moment
- Isma'il
- Founded the Safavid Empire, brilliant military leader
- Velazquez
- Painter for Phillip IV, portraits of Spanish royal family (Las Merninas)
- Cottage Industry
- When goods are hand-made in homes
- Waterloo
- The battle where Napoleon is defeated by the big 4, led by Wellington
- Zheng He
- Sponsered by Yonglo, merchant, made trade voyages
- Marxism
- The history and struggles of the "haves" (Bourgeoisie) and the "have-nots" (Proletariats)
- Neoclassical
- a form of art (1700's-1800's) that focused on realism, symmetry, and simplicity
- Industrial Revolution
- The period caused by growing international trade, capitalism, and joint-stock companies
- Baroque
- a form of art (1600's-1700's) that focused on emotion, movement, variety, imagination
- Shah Abbas I
- The greatest ruler of the Safavids, hired Europeans to train army
- Elizabeth I
- Very strong English monarch, appealed to Parlaiment to get her own way
- New Model Army
- Cromwell's creation, a highly disciplined military
- Frederick II The Great
- Monarch of Prussia during War of Austrian Succesion, gained absolute power, Holenzollerns Dynasty
- Peter the Great
- Westernized Russia, reduced power of landowners
- James Watt
- Built steam engine, attended university of glasgow scottland
- Napoleon
- This brilliant militaristic strategist was born on Corsica, important in French Army
- 3rd of May
- The painter Goya painted this anti-french painting, reveals brutality of Peninsular War
- Arms Race
- The competition to make superior weapons during WWI
- Congress of Vienna
- A meeting after Napoleon is banished to Elba to achieve European peace and stability
- Rembrandt
- a painter, went bankrupt though he sold many paintings, superior use of light
- African Slaves
- Most were prisoners of war, brought to America for agriculture and mining
- Boer War
- the war between British and african natives, but lead to self governing: Union of Africa
- Berlin Conference
- Meeting held to discuss "scramble for africa"
- James I
- Monarch of both Scotland and England, arrogant attitude towards parlaiment
- El Greco
- A painter from Greece, hired by Phillip II, mystical/unearthly paintings( View of Toledo, Burial of Count Orgaz)
- The Enlightenment
- Created by philosophes, had 5 core ideas, caused by the scientific revolution
- Ottomans
- This Gunpowder Empire was located in Turkey
- Romanticism
- The form of art (1800-1850) that focuses on mysterious, embraces folklore/tradition, glorification of the hero
- Socialism
- Belief that all factories, buisinesses, and natural rsources should be owned by the public
- Commercial Revolution
- New buisiness practices to handle large amounts of trade/money efficiently
- Mughals
- This Gunpowder Empire was located in India
- Oda Nobunaga
- defeated Japan's daimyo, started unification, created the Shogun
- British East India Company
- Britain's colony in asia that they didn't have to oversee
- Hacienda
- A large latin American plantation/cattle ranch
- Akbar
- The greatest leader of the Mughals, workaholic, illiterate, very fair
- Epistemology
- The study of "How do I know what I know is the truth?"
- Woodrow Wilson
- created the 14 Points at the Treaty of Versailles
- Mercantilism
- The buisiness thought that government controls economy by granting monopolies
- Copernicus
- Created the heliocentric theory (Rotation around the sun), studied planetary motion
- Enlightened Despot
- a form of absoulte monarch that embraced ideas like reason and liberty