Common Fluid & Electrolyte Abnormalities
Terms
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- Normal serum Mg+
- 1.5 - 2.5
- Normal serum PO4-
- 2.8 - 4.5
- Normal serum K+
- 3.5 - 5.3
- Normal serum Ca+
- 8.5 - 10.5
- Normal serum Na+
- 135 - 145
- poor skin turgur, rapid-weak-thready pulse, hypotension, indifference, extreme restlessness
- Fluid volume deficit
- pitting edema, bounding pulse, hypertension, SOB, confusion & irritability
- Fluid volume excess
- Cold-clammy skin, rapid-weak-thready pulse, hypotension, indifference
- Na+ deficit
- flushd-dry skin
- Na+ excess
- Cold-clammy skin, rapid-weak-thready pulse, hypotension, moist crackles, apprehension
- shift of plasma to interstitual fluid
- bounding pulse, hypertension, moist crackles
- shift of interstitual fluid to plasma
- Cramping of exercised muscle, Carpal spasm (Trousseau's sign), Pos. Chvostek's sign
- Ca+ deficit
- Confusion & irritability
- Mg+ excess
- Cramping of exercised muscle, Carpal spasm (Trousseau's sign), Pos. Chvostek's sign, picking at bedclothes
- Mg+ deficit
- flabby muscles, picking at bedclothes, confusion & irritability, U wave may be seen
- K+ deficit
- extreme restlessness
- K+ excess
- weak-irregular-rapid pulse
- severe K+ deficit
- weak-irregular-slow pulse
- severe K+ excess
- confusion and decreased LOC
- H2O excess
- Cramping of exercised muscles, Carpal spasm (Trousseau's sign), positive Chvostek's sign
- alkalosis
- deep, rapid breathing
- compensation for metabolic acidosis
- shallow, slow, irregular breathing
- compensation for metabolic alkalosis