hypernatremia over145
Terms
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- hypernatremia-145
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risk factors;
1.diarrhea
2excess salt intake
3.heat stroke
4. hyperventilation
5. loss of fluids
6. water deprivation
maifestations:
1.convulsions
2.decrease LOC
3. disorientation
4. fatigue
5.thirst
6. tongue,dry& red,swollen
7.weakness - hyponatremia-<135
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risk factors:
1. aids
2. diuretics
3.drinking water
4.excess iv d5w
5.gi fluid loss
6. head injury
7.hypotonic tube feedings
8. malignant tumors
9. sweating
manifestations:
1. abd cramps
2.anorexia
3.apprehension
4. coma
5.confusion
6.headache
7.lethargy
8. muscle twithching
9. nausea
10. seizures
11. vomiting - hypokalemia-<3.5
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risk factors:
1.diarrhea
2.diuretics
3. gastric suctioning
4. heavy perspiration
5. hyperaldosteronism
6. vomiting
manifestations:
1. abg's may show alkalosis
2. anorexia
3. cardiac disrhythmia
4. decreased bowel sounds
5. fatigue
6. leg cramps
7. lethargy
8. muscle weakness
9. n/v - hyperkalemia->5.0
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risk factors-
1.excess or rapid infusions of k
2. hypoaldosterone
3. renal failure
manifestations-
1. apathy
2. confusion
3. diarrhea
4. gi hyperactivity
5. irritability
6. muscle weakness - hypocalcemia-<4.5
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risk factors-
1.acute pancreatitis
2. alcohol abuse
3. alkalosis
4. hyperphosphotemia
5.hypoparathyroidism
6. inadequate vit d intake
7. malabsorption
8. sepsis
9. thyroid carcinoma
manifestations-
1. cramps
2. numb tingling extremeties - hypercalcemia->5.5
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risk factors-
1. pagets disease
2. malignancy of bone
manifestations-
1. anorexia
2.constipation
3. dysrhythmias
4. lethargy
5. n/v
6. polyuria
7. weakness - hypochloremia-<95
-
manifestations-
1. excess loss of ca through the gi tract, kidneys or sweating - hyperchloremia>105
-
manifestations-
1. acidosis
2. coma
3. letargy
4. risk for dysrhythmias
5. weakness - hypomagnesium<1.5
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manifestations-
1.adrenal insufficiently
2. chronic alcholism
3. chvostek
4. neuromuscular irritability
5. renal failure
6. trosseau's sign
risk factors-
1. burns
2.chronic alcohol abuse
3. excessive loss from gi tract
4. long term diuretic use
5. pancreatitis - hypermagnesium>2.5
-
risk factors-
1. abnormal retention of magnesium
2. adrenal insuff
3. renal failure
manifestations-
1. bradycardia
2.decrease b/p
3. muscle weakness
4. n/v
5. parlysis - hypophostemia-<2.5
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risk factors-
1.acid/base imbalance
2. alcohol withdrawl
3. glucose and inulin
4. TPN can cause phosphate to shift into the cells from ecf
compartment
manifestation-
1.mental changes
2. muscle weakness
3. pain
4. possible seizures - hyperphosphatemia>4.5
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risk factors-
phosphate shifts out of cells-
A. tissue trauma
B. chemo
C. renal failure
D, infants fed cow milk
manifestations-
1.muscle spasms
2.tetany
3. tingling around the mouth & fingertips - respiratory acidosis
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risk factors-alveolar gas exchange impairement. Lungs can't get enough o2.
1. confusion
2. convulsions
3. decrease loc
4. dizziness
5.h/a
6.increase heart&resp rate
assess:
resp status
2. lung sounds
3. monitor airway
4.i&o
5. v/s
6. abg's
7. narc antagonist's
8. maintain adequate hydration - respiratory alkolsis
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hypervenilation-blowing off to much co2
1.c/o sob
2. chest tightness
3.blurred vision
monitor-
1. v/s
2.abg's
3. assist client to breath more slowly
4. breath in paper bag or apply rebreather mask to inhale co2 - metabolic acidosis
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too much acid accumulation in the body
1. kussmaul's rsp(deep amd rapid)
2. lethargic
3. confuson
4. h/a
5. weakness
6.n/v
monitor:
1.i&o
2.loc
3.v/s
4.admin iv sodium bicarb carefully
5. treat underlying prob - metabolic alkolsis
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to much base accumulation in the body
1. decreased rate and depth
2. dizziness
3. hypertonic muscles
monitor:
1.i&o
2.loc
3. v/s
4.iv fluids