plants
plants and their parts
Terms
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- dormancy
- after fertilization a new seed is alive but does not grow
- stomata
- a pore for letting in light in a leaf, can close
- ethylene
- makes fruit ripe
- pollen cone
- this grows on gymnosperms to produce male gametophytes
- capillary action
- water rising in a thin tube
- bryophytes
- moss, liverworts, hornworts. live in moist areas. have rhyzoids.
- protonema
- a spore grows into this and its really a young moss
- sink
- roots
- antheridia
- produces sperm
- phloem
- made from sieve tube elements and companion cells. can move nutrients in either direction. moves sugars and water.
- tepal
- this is similar to sepal but also is a leaf
- meristematic tissue
- found only where there is new growth
- ground tissue
- lies between vascular tissue and dermal tissue. inludes three types of
- internode
- between nodes
- source
- leaves
- pollen tube
- created by male sperm after it lands near a female cone. it grows it to reach the female and it contains 2 sperm
- xylem
- made from tracheids and vessel elements. conducts water from roots to rest of plant
- archegonia
- produces eggs
- lignin
- makes cell walls rigid so stems stay upright
- anther
- top part of stamen producing pollen grains
- plant lifecycle
- contains alternation of generations. has gametophyte stage and sporophyte stage. gametes fuse and form a zygote
- germination
- after dormancy or fertilization, the seed begins to grow
- phototropism
- bend toward light
- gravitropism
- affected by gravity
- transpiration pull
- when on a hot day the water is drawn out of a plants leaves so more water is drawn from the roots
- gymnosperms
- cone bearing plants with seeds in the cones. does not require water for reproduction or alternation of generations
- pollination drop
- sticky substance to keep male sperm attached to female
- sclerenchyma
- cells are tough and rigid and make the plant strong
- gibberellin
- produce large plants
- carpel\pistil
- female part of flower, made up of ovary, style and stigma
- vascular tissue
- includes xylem and the phloem, innermost layer of tissue
- node
- on stem, where a new branch\leaf comes out
- stamen
- male part in the flower, containing filament and anther
- ferns
- have vascular tissue, types are club mosses and horsetail. requires water for reproduction
- plants
- these are multicellular, eukaryots. cell walls have cellulose
- thigmotropism
- response to touch
- dermal tissue
- outermost layer of the plant
- sporangium
- sporophyte are released from this.
- petiole
- attaches leaf to tree
- filament
- bottom of stamen
- ovary
- base of carpel, where female gametophytes are produced.
- sori
- groups of sporangia found on underside of a frond
- guard cells
- closes stomata when there is a dangerous amount of water loss and opens it when light is neccessary.
- apical dominance
- lateral buds stunted due to auxin apical meristem
- rhyzomes
- underground stems separate from roots
- heliotropism
- response to the sun
- transpiration
- most powerful of all water moving forces. loss of water from leaves
- apical meristem
- groups of cells that divide to produce more length.
- gemmae
- little umbrella shaped structures found on liverworts
- gametophyte
- haploid
- abscission layer
- layer put over petiole after a leaf falls
- dominant stage of a bryophyte
- gametophyte
- sepals
- these enclose the flower before opening
- collenchyma
- cells have strong walls and are flexible. charactaristic of celery
- monocot
- fibrous roots, scattered bundles, parallel veins, vascular cambium absent
- tracheid
- this is part of vascular tissue. thick cell walls to resist pressure and made from dead cells stacked up to make a tube. found only in the xylem
- angiosperms
- flowering plants with a seed found in a layer of tissue. does not require water for reproduction, or alternations of generations
- fronds
- big leaves in ferns
- seed
- embryo of a plant encased in a protective tissue, with a food supply.
- seed cone
- produce 2 female ovules in each scale
- style
- before top of carpel
- auxin
- produced in apical meristem, stimulate cell elongation
- leaf abscission
- makes leaves fall off in fall
- epiphytes
- plants growing on others but are not parasitic
- pollen
- found in a small pollen grain, haploid and male.
- rhyzoids
- these are not true roots because they lack vascular tissue.
- cytokinins
- grow lateral buds and cause dormant seeds to sprout
- dicot
- tap roots, ringed bundels, branched veins, flower parts in 4 or 5s.
- photoperiodism
- changes of light and its effect on plants
- parenchyma
- lots of chloroplast can be found here. cells have thin walls and large vacuoles
- stigma
- top of pistil to catch sperm
- sporophyte
- diploid
- dominant stage in a fern
- sporophyte