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Salzwedel Test 4

Terms

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Ethylene Production Place
Produced in Ripening fruits
Gibberelin History
Rice disease- 1809 foolish seedling disease. 1898 , japan discovered that a fungus called gibberella fy'u koroi. 1925 kurosawa grew fungus in a flask then boiled it to create a liquid solution of gibereela to purposely infect plants. 1930's isolate active ingrediant. Looked a lot like a steroid.
Gravitropism
Gravity affects growth patterns
Modified Leaves- Window Leaves
Windows don't have photosynthetic parts, it just allows light into. Bottom of the plan which is underground is photosynthetic. This type of plant allows for less water evaporation.
Mobile
Nutrients go to new lead and old leaf shows symptoms fiirst
Fruit Growth
Long grapes are induced by the hormone treatment by spraying the fruit with gibberelin
Modified Leaves - Succulent
Function: Storage of water in dry environments. Ex: Cactus
Lack of Ca
Wrinkling (not enough cell support)
Bladderwart
A very small green gas filled structure that floats in water. Attracts aquatic insects that triggers open when bumped into and water rushes into the empty vessel bringing the insect with it.
Apical Dominance
Normal state - make plant taller - repress lateral bud growth. Apical root formation on callus, only have roots . Stems and leaves require another hormone.
Lack of agnesium
Plant turns yellow (chlorosis)
Abscisic Acid History
1949- found out that dormant buds contained a unique chemical- they called it dormin. 1965- looking for what caused leaf abscission, and called it abscisin.
Cytokinin Production Place
Produced in roots (mainly), also produced in seeds and fruits
Ethylene Activites
Fruit ripening, wound repair, leaf abscission
Gibberelin Activites
Internode elongation, stimulate seed germination, fruit growth, can stimulate flowering,
Tropisms
Tendency to grow because of a certain element in the environment
Micro-nutrients
Na, Fe, Mn Zn, Cu, Mo, B, Cl. Never feel badly, montana zn's creates crying men
Auxin Activities
Stimulate cell elongation, stimulate root growth, apical dominance, fruit formation, and acidification of cell wall
Cytokinin Activities
Cell division, stimulate lateral bud growth (in tissue culture), delays seed senescence
Nutrient Cycling
Things going in and out of liviing things.
Lack of B
Stunted growth
Abscisic Acid Activities
Fruit drop( relase of fruit from plant), leaf drop, dormancy (biggest activity, stop being active, quietly waits for winter to be over, makes bud scales), and guard cell closing(under drought stress stomata closes)
Plant Litter
Whaterver was in plant leaves gets released back into the soil. Bacteria of fungi decomposes leaves into organic humus
Acidification of cell wall
Expansins are enzymes that losen the cell wall. Auxins stimulate expansins.
Brassinosteroids
Helps in membreanes, tissue production, and reproduction
Immoblile
Nutritens stay in old leaf, and new leaf shows symptoms fiirst
Sundew
Native. Has long sticky hairs that insects get stuck too. The whole plant is only a few inches tall.
Gibberelin Production Places
Produced in soy bean plant seeds (phaseous yulgaris). Produced in embryo, apices of root, the shoot, and legumes.
Symbiotic fungi
Either on the outside or inside of the root, helping with nutrient uptake.
Hydrophonics
Way to grow plants without water. Grown in a liquid. Soil is to uncontrollable in an experiment.
Wound Repair
Forms corkey subernized layers that scab over wound sites
Heliotropism
Tendency to move towards the sun. Ex sunflowers.
Hormone
A signal Molecule that is produced in small quantities in one part of the organism and transported to another place in the organism.
Stimulate flowering-gibbereling
Stimulates with light which naturally stimulates gibbereling or by using gibberelin. Gibberelin effects the transcription gene.
Stimulate Seed Germination
Barley seeds will germinate on their own, when they do the embryo releases gibberelin to stimulate starch degrading enzymes=possibility of growth
Leaf Abscission
Gets tree ready for winter as well. Wall off pediole from the tree so that sap does not leak out when leaves fall off.
Pitcher Plant
A plant that secretes nectar to attract insects. If the insect comes to close to the inner edge it falls into the trap and is unable to crawl out because of downward facing hairs.
Lack of Fe
Interveintal chlorosis (Space between veins are yellow)
Venus Fly Trap
Also known as a snap trap, lives naturally in north carolina swamps and consumes insects for nitrogen.
Macro-nutrients
C, H, O, N, S, P, Mg, K, Ca. Please Have Some More Nuts On Crazy Caramel Kreamicle.
Modified Leaves - Bracts
Showey leaves that look and act like flower structures.
Abscisic Acid Production Places
Plants produced in base of ovary (flower), buds, and leaves.
Auxin History
Went. Took an oat coleoptile and cut off the top part of the oat and put it in on agar so the biolchemistry was collected in the agar dish. He then put the agar on the tip of the oat and it curved towards the light.
Cactus
Have modified leaves known as spines to keep animal from chewin on them
Modified Leaves - Reproductive Leaves
Plantlets grown on margin of plant leaves that break off by fragmentation. A Sexual Reproduction. Ex: Walking fern
Oligossaccharines
Carbohydrate molecule from plant cell walls. Turn into signal molecules when plant wall is being destroyed. Only for plant defense. Stimulate plant cell walls to harden.
Modified Leaves - Carniverous Leaves
Plants that gain their nutrients from insects. Live in nutrient poor environments. Swamps and Bogs.
Inorganic Soil Sizes
Gravel, San, Silt, Clay.
Phototropism
Tendnecy to grow towards light
Thigmostropism
Tendency to grow around objects that they bump into. Vines.
Optimal Soil
Loam- Mixture of 40% sand, 40% silt, and 20% clay.
Cytokinin History
Skoog and Miller- tissue culture. Worked with a carrot callus wanted to regenerate an entire carrot, discovered that herring sperm made leaves grow. Only works with partially broken down sperm. When adenine breaks down kinetine is produced which produces growth. Adenine nucleotides can produce this molecule as well as maise.
Lack of N
Stunted growth and chlorosis
Ethylene History
1800's st. petersburg russia they had gas street lamps and the trees by the lamps would drop their leaves and develop fruit before the rest of the trees would. 1901 Dimitryi Neljubov tested gas affect by inhibiting gravitropism, took pea plants in a tube and blew ethylene through it. Plant grew straight out instead of curving.

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