Random Science
OAT Review
Terms
undefined, object
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- family
- an order is divided into families
- naming
- genus then species
- liquid
- molecules can slide past each other
- parasitism
- one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed; tick on a dog
- conduction
- transferring heat evergy by contact between 2 objects
- nucleus
- directs cell activity, "brain of the cell" contains chromosomes and DNA
- limiting factors
- food, water, living space, population size, disease
- recessie trait
- the trait that vanishes unless it is pure
- temperate deciduous forest
- virginia
- convection
- heat energy is transferred by currents of liquid or gas
- scavenger
- eats dead plants or animals
- evolution
- how a species will change over time
- grassland
- plains, many different kinds; savannah
- mitochondria
- powerhouse of the cel; produces energy for the cell
- food chain
- the sequence of events as food energy is passed from one organism to another
- photosynthesis
- makes food for plant
- tundra
- permafrost; cold desert
- properties of minerals
- color, streak, hardness, cleavage, fracture, and other special properties (*raioactive, taste, florescent, reacts with acid)
- abiotic
- nonliving parts of the ecosystem like soil, air, water, rain fall, temperature
- phenotype
- the physical appearance of the trait; tall short
- compound
- two or more elemts chemically combined; cannot be separated w/out chemical process
- solid
- molecules closely packed together
- reaction
- response to a stimulus
- osmosis
- diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane; form high to low concentraions
- secondary consumer
- omnivore-eats plants or animals
- species
- a genus contains one or more species
- commensalism
- one organism enefits whike the other is neither harmed nor benefited; bird nest in tree
- nitrogen cycle
- converting atmospheric nitrogen into a usable form
- golgi apparatus
- produces chemicals for use in the cell; as known as a golgi body; it is the center for manufacturing and shipping in the cell; they receive materials through tthe ER and send them to other parts of the cell
- vacuole
- storage for food, water, waste and other materials
- mixture
- two or more elements combined but can be physically separated
- meiosis
- cell division to produce only eggs and sperm for sexual reproduction; XX girl; XY boy (X from mother, X or Y from father); cell division in sex cells only, sperm and eggs; half of chromosomes are given to each daughter cell
- ribosomes
- protein synthesis
- genotype
- the genetic trait, genetic makeup TT, Tt or tt
- instinct
- a response to a stimulus that is inborn and that an animal performs correctly the first time
- dominant trait
- the train that is expressed
- igneous rocks
- rocks that are formed frome lava or magma
- symbiosis
- a relationship between species in which at least one member benefits
- decomposer
- eats decayed plants or animals; breaks down the wastes and dead bodies of other organisms
- taiga
- evergreens
- potential energy
- stored energy; the energy of position, depends on the height of object; PE = mgh, the higher the object, the greater the potential energy it has
- element
- can not be separated
- environmental organization
- organism-population-community-ecosystem-biome-biosphere
- tertiary consumer
- carnivore-eats only animals
- cell wall
- supports the cel and cell membrane
- innate behavior
- a natural behavior that does not need to be learned; it is genetic, like blinking
- class
- division of phylum
- desert
- dry and hot
- primary consumer
- herbivore-eats only plants
- plasma
- molecules are molten (florescent light bulb)
- transverse wave
- the energy travels perpendicular to the wave motion
- order
- division of class
- freshwater
- includes rivers steams lakes ponds
- convergent boundaries
- plates are moving toward each other; friction causes earthquakes or mountain building
- control
- variable that stays the same
- kinetic energy
- energy of motion; KE = 1/2mv2 the more kinetic energy a molecule has, the higher temperature the substance has
- food web
- many food chains interconnected
- extinction
- species dying out; depends on traits passed on to generations
- longitudinal wave
- the energy travels in the same directon (along the wave) as the wave motion; sound wave
- independent variable
- variable that changes; time; x axis
- phylum
- dicision of kingdom
- acceleration
- the change in velocity/ time
- monera
- yogurt making bacterium
- layers of the earth
- crust, antle, core (inner and outer
- learned behavior
- conditioning, trial and error, etc.
- mutualism
- both organisms benefit from their relationship; bee and flower
- radiation
- the heat energy travels in waves
- rainforest
- tropical and temperate; greatest variety of species
- endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
- transportation system of the cell; a network of passages that carry materials from one part of the cell to another
- energy
- nuclear, mechanical, sound, light, chemical, electrical, thermal, potential, kinetic
- subduction
- one plate is subducted under another
- camouflage
- color of animal blend in with environment
- velocity
- distance/time with direction
- ocean
- most photosynthesis from phytoplankoton
- adaptation
- changes in the animal for better survival and reproduction
- Robert Hooke
- developed sell theory that cells are basic unit of all living organisms and all organisms are made of one or more cells
- heterozygous
- hyrid; Tt
- inborn behavior
- inherited or instinctual behavior
- diffusion
- movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in an attempt to reach an equilibrium; burned popcorn odor; molecules in motion, a process by which things move in and out of cells; when you eat salty ham you get thirsty b/c the water in your body goes to the stomach and intestines to dilute the salt, you are thirsty b/c the cells have been shipped water to other places in the body
- Gregor Mendel
- 1851; father of modern genetics, a young priest growing pea plants to study heredity and genetics; developed punnet square
- consumer
- eats plant and/or animals; an organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms
- chloroplast
- (unique to plant cells) contains chlorophyll, wher photosynthesis takes place
- sexual reproduction
- two parents , egg and sperm unite to form offspring that have traits of both parents
- hot spots
- created as hot plums "burn" holes in the plates passing over them, creating island chains (Hawaii)
- cell membrane
- (aka plama membrane) keeps cell together and cytoplasm inside, allows nutrients in and wastes out, provides structure and support to cell
- biotic
- living parts of the ecosystem like plants, animals
- mitosis
- cell division to produce daughter cells wiht identical DNA to the parent cell-all other cells (except for egg and sperm) replicate this way, asexual reproduction; the stage in the cell cycle which the cell's nucleus dicides into 2 new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is given to each daughter cell (regular cell division)
- homozygous
- pure; TT (dominant) or tt (recessive)
- classification
- developed by Linnaeus and based on vell structure
- predator-prey relationship
- eagle catching a fish
- dependent variable
- variable that depends on the independent variable; distance; y axis
- metamorphic rocks
- rocks that are changed by heat and pressure
- stimulus
- a signal that causes an organism to react in someway
- gas
- molecules spread far apart
- animal behavior
- all of the actions an animal performs; caused by a stimulus
- transform
- plates are sliding past eachother (san andreas fault)
- sun
- baisn energy source for all food webs
- producer
- begins food chain/web, plants; food chains start with a producer, an organism that makes its own food, plants are producers because they can fuel their own growth
- hibernation
- a period of inactivity and reduced body temperature and metabolism
- sedimentary rocks
- rocks that are formed from cemented pieces of other rocks weathered by wind and water or organic material
- speed
- distance/time
- respiration
- breaks down food in the plant to produce energy for the plant; cells break down simple food molecules, like glucose, to release the energy they contain...cellular respiration
- genus
- each family has at least one genus
- Kingdoms
- 5- animal, plant, fungi, protist, monera
- asexual reproduction
- one parent, parent is identicl to offspring
- energy pyramid
- shows food chains via energy loss and numbers of organisms
- competition
- for food, mates, and territory
- average speed
- total distance/ total time
- primary sucession
- a small community of libing organisms start to live in an area that did not previously contain any organisms
- secondary sucession
- an existing community is destroyed by a natural disaster and the original community regrows over time
- Law of Conservation of energy
- energy cannot be created or destroyed; it changes form
- divergent boundaries
- plates are moving away from each other; creates volcanic activity (mid atlantic ridge)
- cytoplasm
- gelatinous material containing cell organelles