civ 102 midterm
Terms
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- War of 1812
- American vs. Brittish war
- New Orleans
- final battle of 1812, won by America
- Peninsulares
- regulators born in Spain but sent to control latin america
- Creoles
- born in the colonies but Spanish descent
- Mestizo
- mixture of Spanish and native blend
- Indian
- full native blood
- Haiti
- island in the Carribean, slavery on sugar plantations
- Toussaint Louverture
- led rebellion against France (slaves vs. France)
- Simon Bolivar
- creole, Bolivia named for, led rebellion against Spain, one of the "Liberators"
- San Martin
- led revolt in Argentina, led army through Chile (the Indies), the other "Liberator"
- Venezuela
- conflicts with boundries of brittish owned countries
- Equador, Columbia, Peru
- freed by "Libetators"
- Grand Columbia
- arrangement to include Venezuela, Equador, and Columbia
- Monroe Doctrine
- agreement europe wont interfere with america affairs
- Brazil
- most ethnically diverse country in latin america
- Emporer Pedro
- son of Portugal king, ruler of Brazil, led Brazil revolt
- Mexico
- revolt by lowest class (indians) against upper
- Hidalgo
- priest, preached of Mexico revolution
- Dia de Grito
- "day of the call", proclamation of a revolution
- Morelos
- priest, mestizo, led revolution after Hidalgo
- Iturbide
- led revolt against Spain, became emporer, overthrown, revolted against spain to keep lower class in check
- Santa Anna
- mexican military officer, president of mexico
- caudillo
- leader who emphasizes power with military command
- industrial revolution
- use of machines to accomplish work
- James Watt
- creates effective use of steam engine
- Samuel Crompton
- invented the mule (spinning machine)
- Hargreaves
- invented first spinning wheel
- Von Metternich
- conservative, at congress of vienna
- Talleyrand
- French foreign minister since Louis XVI, at congress of vienna, persuades congress to follow legitimacy
- legitimacy
- return everything to its legitimate govt.
- Holy Alliance
- originated in Russia, act in accordance to Christianic laws
- Congress System
- powers of the world would periodically meet to prevent wars
- Khoikoi
- culture in S. Africa
- Boer
- European of Dutch origin settles in S. Africa, believed God gave them the right to S. Africa
- Bantu
- native African culture, collides with Boers
- Xhosa
- Bantu group against Boers
- slave trade
- started between tribes, slavery not permanent
- Portugese
- original slave traders
- Elmina
- important city in Africa for slave trade
- barraccoons
- slave pen/imprisonment area
- middle passage
- path of slaves to Americas
- Eli Whitney
- invents cotton gin
- Asante and Dahomey
- African areas disrupted by slavery
- Ethiopia
- Christian area in Africa, not touched by slavery
- Morocco
- area north of Saharah, not touched by slavery
- Sultan Mulay Ismail
- ruler in Morocco, most well known african ruler, establishes Morocco as independant state
- Ottoman Empire
- largest empire, granted religious toleration
- sultan
- ruler of Ottoman, resided in Itsanbul/Constantinople
- valide sultan
- mother of sultan
- harem
- women's quarters
- pasha
- governor with military authority
- janissary
- slave army
- vizirs
- sultan's chief servant
- Koprulu
- family of vizirs
- Wahhabi
- muslaimic group
- Saud
- political leader, "Saudi Arabia"
- Safavid Empire
- run by Sunni's and Shiites (Iran)
- Shia
- followers of Ali
- Sunni
- followers of Muhammed
- Mughul Empire
- practiced religious tolerance
- Aurangzeb
- Mughul ruler, Islam religion fanatic, creates religious persecution, begins decline of Mughul empire with religious wars
- Muhammed Shah
- temporarily ended Civil War, Mughul ruler after Aurangzeb
- Sikh
- religion combining islam and hindy
- Marathas
- ethnic dynasty
- Shivaji Bhonsle
- Marathas leader, hindu, established hindu military attitude
- British East India Co.
- company becomes involved in India politics, begins to control india
- Manchus
- last chinese dynasty
- K'ang-xi
- emporer of China during Manchus, travels China to gain knowledge
- Qualong
- successor of K'ang-xi, allows China to slip
- Tokugawa Shogunate
- japanese rule, cuts off outside communication, abolishes Christianity in order to maintain society
- samauri
- dominant japanese class
- Edo
- Tokyo, largest city in the world
- Vitus Bering
- expands russia exploration, discovers nothern pacific, bering strait, gives russian claim to alaska
- Louis de Bougainville
- french explorer, discovers flower, explores middle pacific
- James Cook
- english explorer, "discovers" australia and antartica, killed in hawaii
- Nationalism
- group that wants to become a nation
- Conservatism
- make no or very little changes
- Edmund Burke
- starts conservatism, writes "On the Revolution of France", decides revolutions are destructive
- Liberalism
- welcomes and encourages change
- Utilitarianism
- believed we should judge everything on how well it works
- Mill
- formed utilitarianism, "The greatest good for the greatest number"
- Bentham
- cofounder of utilitarianism
- Communist Manifesto
- book written by Marx and Engels to cause an uprising for equality
- Das Kapital
- book written by Marx to end capitolism, religion is an opiet for people
- Louis XVIII
- king of France after napolianic wars
- Charles X
- successor of Louis XVIII, paid nobility for land lost in revolution
- July Revolution
- discarded Charles X due to income cut for retributions to nobility
- Louis Phillipe
- French king after July Revolution, overthrown in 1848
- Belgium
- established as a country after declaring independence from netherlands
- Italy
- established as a country
- Mazzini
- inspired people to make italy an independant nation
- Young Italy
- organization started by Mazzini to make italy a nation
- 1848
- "Year of Revolutions"
- Prince de Polignac
- prime minister of france, "when in doubt do nothing and I am always in doubt"
- Louis Blanc
- attempted to begin Socialism in France
- Second Republic
- created a centralized govt. in france after revolution
- Louis Napolean Bonaparte
- Napolean's nephew, elected president of Franc, becomes Napolean III, "The empire is peace", creates jobs, supported catholics, increases army
- Frankfurt Assembly
- assembled to create Germany, wanted democracy but got limited monarchy, fails
- Austria
- ruled by the Habsburgs
- Magyars
- second largest ethnic group in austria, revolts against habsburgs
- Charles Albert
- king of Savoy (independant country), wants to unite italy but fails
- Camillo di Cavour
- appointed agricultural leader, becomes foreign minister of Savoy, creates alliance with Napolean III
- Giuseppe Garabaldi
- persuaded 1,000 men to land in southern italy for revolt against austrians, unifies italy
- Vatican
- country ruled by pope seperate of italy
- Otto von Bismark
- "iron chancelor", becomes chancellor of Prussia and revolts to unite germany
- Danish War
- prussia and austria sent north to conquer german countries
- Seven Weeks War
- austria against prussia, austria is defeated
- Helmuth von Moltke
- prussian general, prepared for war against austria in advance
- Franco-Prussian War
- france against prussia, finalizes italian and german unification, france loses
- EMS Dispatch
- meeting between french ambassador and prussian king, intended to start the war
- Sedan
- decisive battle of Franco-Prussian war, France loses, establishes germany as a country
- reparations
- debt as a result of war
- Alsace-Lorraine
- area of france taken by germany
- Decembrist Revolt
- caused by death of Alexander I in Russia
- Nicholas I
- became czar of russia after revolt, brother of Alexander
- Alexander II
- son of Nicholas I, successor, frees serfs
- Alexander Herzen
- helped Alexander II set up a representative govt.
- zemstvos
- council
- anarchism
- "govt. is not the solution but the problem"
- terrorism
- disrupt govt. to destroy it
- Michael Bakunin
- creates anarchism terrorism
- Electoral Reform Bill
- british parliament had not changed in 200 yrs, reassigned representatives
- Corn Laws
- raised taxes on grains in britain
- Ireland
- wanted "Home Rule", some independance from britain
- James Monroe
- created the Monroe Doctrine
- American Civil War
- 1861-1865, decides slavery issues
- Abraham Lincoln
- president/leader during civil war
- Factory System
- collection of machines and people to produce goods
- Child labor
- caused by factories
- Robert Fulton
- created the steam boat
- Railroads
- quick transportation
- L. Van Beethoven
- deaf music composer, wrote "Ode to Joy"
- Opera
- story told in music
- Richard Wagner
- German opera composer
- Giuseppi Verdi
- italian music composer, wrote "Rigoletto"
- Operetta
- light romantic/comedy opera
- Gilbert and Sullivan
- wrote operetta "HMS Pinafore"
- Johann Strauss
- wrote "Blue Danube Waltz"
- Charles Darwin
- wrote "Origin of the Species", survival of the fittest
- Mendelev
- classified scientific elements
- Postier
- germ theory of disease, reduced diseases
- Pier and Marie Curie
- discovered radioactive elements and x-rays
- Ratherford
- developed the element theory and table
- Thomas Edison
- invented the light bulb and ways to generate electricity
- Gottlieb Daimler
- invented internal combustion engine
- Rudolf Diesel
- invented diesel engine
- Ramanticism
- logic and reason doesn't reflect humanity, very emotional
- Samuel T. Coleridge
- poet, wrote "Rime of the Ancient Mariner"
- William Wordsworth
- poet
- Alexander Pushkin
- russian poet, wrote "Ode to Liberty"
- Realism
- literature has a duty to reflect the real world
- Charles Dickens
- wrote "Oliver Twist"
- Leo Tolstoy
- russian writer, wrote "War and Peace"
- A. Lopez de Santa Anna
- mexican army general
- Benito Juarez
- indian mexican presidnt, causes mexican civil war
- Reforma
- program of reform to suit needs of people with democratic republic
- Maximillian
- habsburg, sent with french army to become emporer and was executed
- Porfirio Diaz
- succeeds Jaurez, brings mexico back to a dictatorship and begins another revolution
- Francisco Madero
- president after Diaz, dedicated to the reform but was assassinated
- Pancho Villa
- president after Madero, raided America
- Argentina
- first country to go beyound caudillo govt. wealthiest of latin america
- pampas
- large flat areas of grasslands
- Juan Manuel de Rosas
- corrupt president of Argentina
- Gaucho
- argentinian cowboy
- Pedro II
- monarch of Brazil
- Chile
- stable govt.
- Central America
- area between south america and mexico (Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica)
- United Fruit Co.
- American trading company, indirectly controls central america
- Roosevelt Corollary
- US would intervene with central america if needed (added to the monroe doctrine)
- Cuba
- remained a spanish colony until declared independant
- Spanish-American war
- war with spain to free cuba
- Theodore Roosevelt
- president
- William Gladstone
- leader of liberal party in britain, tried to expand right to vote
- Benjamin Disraeli
- conservative party leader in britain, also tried to expand the right to vote
- Home Rule Act
- gain most independace from britain
- Charles Parnell
- protestant irish leader
- women's suffrage
- sparked by women not being able to vote
- Emmeline Pankhurst
- leader of women's rights movement
- Boer Republics
- republics of dutch colonists in south africa (Transvaal, Orange Free State)
- The Great Boer Trek
- Boer movement north
- Boer War
- war between S. Africa Boers and Brittain
- Dominion
- "half independanc", accepts brittish monarchy
- Australia
- brittish criminal dumping ground, created secret ballot voting
- New Zealand
- established by escaped convicts, first place to give women freedom
- John Macdonald
- dominion leader, prime minister of canada
- Paris Commune
- declared Paris independant of France, created communism
- Dreyfus Affair
- accused of treason as a cover up
- Alfred Dreyfus
- highest ranking jewish officer in france
- Emile Zola
- wrote "J'Accuse" to reveal the truth of the Dreyfus Affair
- Georges Clemenceau
- "The Tiger"
- Bismarck
- chancelor of germany
- Kaiser
- leader of germany, "Ceasar"
- Wilhelm I
- the first kaiser, wrote the ems dispatch
- Reichstag
- German parliament
- Wilhelm II
- rejects Bismarck