Genetics
General genetics terms
Terms
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copy deck
- heterozygous
- (adj) having two different alleles for one gene
- probability
- the likelihood that something will happen
- haploid
- a cell (or organism) that has only one copy of each gene/chromosome
- acquired
- (adj) a trait that you get from things you experience or do; it's shaped by environmental factors or actions
- homozygous
- (adj) both alleles for a given gene are the same
- inherited
- (adj) a trait that you get from your parents; it's in your genes
- genotype
- a description of all of the alleles (genes) that an organism has for a given trait
- recessive
- (adj) an allele that can hide inside an organism; you must have two of this allele to get the trait
- allele
- a version of a gene (e.g. a gene for flower color might have 'versions' for purple and white)
- gamete
- a haploid sex cell
- sperm cell
- the male gamete
- cross
- (n) a mating between two organisms to produce offspring; (v) to cause two organisms to mate to produce offspring
- phenotype
- a description of the traits that an organism has ("shows")
- diploid
- a cell (or organism) that has two copies of each gene/chromosome (one from mom, and one from dad!)
- pedigree
- a type of family tree that shows genetic information for a particular trait
- trait
- a characteristic of an organism, like hair color or bone size
- dominant
- (adj) an allele that is always expressed, even if you only have one
- meiosis
- cell division that makes 4 haploid cells from 1 diploid cell (i.e. the process of making gametes)
- egg cell
- the female gamete
- gene
- a section of DNA that codes for a specific polypeptide