Biology Section 10 Vocab
Terms
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- the production of offspring that does not involve the union of gamets
- asexual reproduction
- an asexual division of prokaryotes that produces identical offspring
- binary fission
- eukaryotic nuclear division
- mitosis
- a form of asexual reproduction in which the part of a cell pinches off an offspring cell.
- Budding
- a resistant reproductive cell of some organisms; such as some plants, fungi, and protists
- Spores
- a form of asexual reproduction in which individual cells are released that act as spores
- fragmentation
- asexual reproduction in plants
- vegetative propagation
- the production of offspring from the combination of genetic material from two parent organisms;.
- sexual reproduction
- in plants and algae, a multicellular structure that produces gamets; dominant species in nonvascular (moss)
- gametophyte
- one of the diploid generation of land plants that produces spores; dominant generation in vascular (oak) plants
- sporophyte
- the diploid cell that results from the fusin of gametes
- zygote
- a seed plant whose seeds are not enclosed by an ovary or fruit
- gymnosperm
- a seed plant whose seeds are protected in an fruit (ripened ovary); a.k.a flowering plant
- Angiosperm
- an angiosperm with a single cotyledon, parallel veins, and flower parts in multiples of 3's
- Monocotyledones
- an angiosperm with two cotyledons. netted intertwining veins, and flower parts in multiples of 4's and 5's
- Dicotyledones
- the swollen tip of the branch/stem which is the base of the flower
- receptacle
- a modified leaf that protects the younger flower, usually smaller then the pedals
- Sepal
- one of the leaf-shaped parts of the corolla of a flower, usually brightyl colored and conspicuous
- Petal
- the structure in the flower that produces pollen
- Stamen
- the microsporangium of an angiosperm in which pollen grains are produced
- anther
- the structure that supports the anther
- filament
- a plant structure formed of fused carpels
- pistil
- an expanded apex of a pistil, supported by the style; the part of the pisitl that recieves the pollen
- stigma
- the stalk-like structure of the ovary
- style
- the egg producing organ in a plant
- ovary
- A small opening in the ovule of a seed plant through which the pollen tube usually enters
- Micropyle
- the larger of the two kinds of spores; produced by meiosis in a megasporangium
- Megaspore
- The smaller of the two kinds of spores; produced by meiosos in a megasporangium
- Microspore
- the microgametophyte of seed plants
- pollen grain
- the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower of the same species
- Pollination
- the process in which two types of cell fusion take place in the embryo sac
- Double Fertilization
- one of the small vesicles containing a developing ovum in the ovary of a mammal
- graafian follicle
- The divisions of the zygote immediately following fertilization
- cleavage
- a ball of cells produced by cleavage of the zygote
- morula
- a hollow ball of cells formed when a zygote goes through repated cycles of cell division
- blastula(blastocyst)
- The blastula collapsing, which forms a cup-shaped gastrula (embryo) with a gut called the archeteron, and multiple layers
- gastrulation
- the outside germ layer of the gastrula; forms skin, hair, nails and nervous system
- ectoderm
- the insider germ layer of the gastrula; surrounds the archeteron
- endoderm
- In most phyla, the third layer formed between the endoderm and ectoderm; forms skeleton, muscles, inner layer of skin, circulatory system, and lining of the body cavity
- mesoderm
- an organism in which the blastopore develops into the mouth and the coelom arises by schizocoely whos embryo has gone through spiral cleavage; "first mouth"
- protostome
- each cell in the blastula nestles between 2 cells of the adjacent row
- spiral cleavage
- the blastopore develops into the anus and a second opening becomes the mouth through radial cleavage; "second mouth"
- deuterostomes
- the cell divisions are parallel to or at right angles to the axis from one pole of the blastula to the other
- radial cleavage
- a process in which each cell develops into a specific part of the gastrula
- determinate cleavage
- a pattern of development in which the functional destiny of each cell is not determined early in the development of the embryo
- indeterminate cleavage
- the coelom formation in protostomes that involces splitting the embryonic mesoderm into two layers
- schizocoely
- the process of mesoderm formation in deuterostomes in which the coelom forms in folded mesoderm
- enterocoely
- type of body cavity-"no body cavity"....in flatworms and he interior of the animal is solid mesoderm
- acoelomate
- type of body cavity-"false body cavity"...in rotifers and roundworms, and the mesoderm lines the fluid-filled coelom and the gut is suspended in the fluid of the coelom
- Pseudocoelomate
- type of body cavity-"true coelom"...mesoderm lines the body cavity and surrounds and supports the gut, forms liver and lungs;;mollusks, annelids, arthropods, chordates, echinoderms
- Coelomate
- laying/releasing of eggs (maternal connection)
- Oviparous
- born live from eggs (no maternal connection);;always internal
- oviviparous
- born live with a maternal connection;;;always internal
- viviparous
- done by some fish, involves depositing of eggs in nest and sperm being released over the eggs
- Spawning
- Thin membrane enclosing fluid in which the embryo forms
- Amnion
- surrounds all the other membranes and helps protect the embryo (part of placenta in mammal)
- Chorion
- stores nitrogenous wastes produced by the embryo and acts as a "lung"
- Allantois