Covo Bio 3
Terms
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- Demes, breeding patterns
- What are locally breeding populations? It's important to know there size for the understanding of ___
- the population
- Most ecologists study biological process at which scale?
- 1) w/ in individual 2) w/ population 3) among populations
- List the three levels of genetic diversity
- 18
- Today there are approx ___ biodiversity hot spots
- Inversion
- ____ chromosomal mutations are very common
- Inbreeding depression
- loss in vigor and fitness as a result of increase homozygousity in an other wise out breeding population
- habitat, inter specific diversity and intra specific diversity
- Conservation programs preserve what main three things?
- Polymorphic
- no heterozygousity at any gene loci
- decrease, increasing
- With decrease area, populations __ and thus Pe__
- invertebrates
- What group typically exhibits the highest level of heterozygosity
- Substitution
- ____ is probably the least harmful point mutation
- 47
- Of the 55 cheetahs tested from diff populations __% showed polymorphic loci
- protein/ enzyme, alleles
- Allozyme is a different ____ that shows up as different ___
- 2, 40
- It is estimated that there is __ million animal species in the 18 hot spots and approx ___ animal species per plant
- The removal from natural habitat to other to examine environmental factors on phenotype
- What is reciprocal transplant experimentation
- 15
- If we conserve the 14 tropical biodiversity hot spots we could save__% of all plants and biodiversity
- 50,000, 20
- By conserving all 18 hot spots we could protect ____ plant species ___% of all
- Philadelphia
- The fisrt zoo in the US opened in 1874 in what city?
- Mechanical, chemical
- Two alternatives to prescribed burning are__ clearing and __ treatments
- Co adaptive gene complex
- combination of genes that have evolved over time and work especially well together in their environment
- instantaneous birth rate, instantaneous death rate, population size
- In the calculations of Pe b=__, d=___, No=__
- Canadian lynx
- What is the most threatened lynx species?
- periodic fires
- Longleaf pines are heavily dependent upon __
- 1)neutral evolution 2)natural selection 3) gene flow in and out
- List three reasons allelic freq changes w/ time
- 5, 750,000
- The 18 biodiversity hot spots make up ___% of the land surface ____ km
- Under
- Using the species area concept if the land is highly fragmented it may ___ estimate the amount of species lost
- 10, 20
- Estimation of __ to __ million acres of the 80 million of corn crops are trans genetic corn
- Trans genetic plants
- plants created in the lab via recombinant DNA
-
source populations have b>d, sink populations have b
- List four components of the "source and sink" dynamics of populations
- 1)variations is what natural selection acts on 2) genotype for breeding program 3)examine gene flow w/ in populations
- Three reasons individual genetic variations are important condition for conservation programs _______
- 1)very low reproductive rate 2)low sperm count 3) high rate of infant mortality
- List three effects of rapid loss of genetic diversity over short period of time seen in cheetahs
- 25
- Transgenic foods will elicit an allergic response because approximately ____% of Americans suffer from food allergies
- 42
- Non native species account for ___ % of extinctions
- 50
- Most conservative models declare a species extinct if it hasn't been seen is the last ___ yrs
- number of species, y intercept, area of land in question, slope of the line
- In the species area relationship concept S stands for __ C for ___ A for __ and Z for __
- Ten thousand
- The current human-caused mass extinction has been estimated to be approximately __times above the background extinction rate
- Allozyme
- Different forms of an enzyme
- Invasive, habitat
- Exotic species are only considered ___ if they take over the natives species __
- variable, populations, species
- Heterozygousity is highly ___ among ___, ___ and taxonomic groups
- That the species are evenly distributed and the quality of the habitat is the same though out
- Models created using the species area concept assume what two things?
- in the tropics, Mediterranean hot spots
- 14 of the biodiversity hot spots are ___ and the other four are ___
- Dodo bird
- The tortoise fills the niche of the ___
- alleles, genes
- Variations among a population refers to the total ___ and __ available in the gene pool
- non disjunction
- Polypiodity is a result of ___
- directly proportional, increase,
- In the species area concept S and A are ___ ___, increase S ___ A
- Panmictic population, even sex ratio and an equal genetic contribution
- Assumptions of most population genetics models
- 14, 5000
- Conservative estimates of the tropical rain forest say __ species a day go extinct and ___ in a year
- genetic diversity, fitness/linkage
- African cheetahs demonstrate how important _____and ___ are
- 7, 11, 5
- What is the average H % in plant, invertebrate and vertebrate populations?
- change of species per unit area
- Z, the slope of the line represents the _________________
- Bacillus thuringiensis
- The gene that produces a natural insecticide and is often used to create pest-resistant transgenic crops is isolated from ___
- Oak
- The ___ represents the climax plant community of the southeastern US w/out frequent fire disturbances on the ecosystem
- Allee effect
- The movement toward extinction due to environmental effects on reproduction
- 2, 310,000, California
- The 14 biodiversity hot spots make up __% of the land surface approx ___ km, the size of ___
- E.O Wilson
- ___ conducted an experiment on trisonmy (super male) numbers in prison to test nature vs. nurture
- Out breeding depression
- decrees in vigor and fitness as a result of the breeding of two individuals from two distant populations
- disturbance, regular, ecosystem
- The intermediate disturbance hypothesis says that ____ on a ___ unpattered bases is best for the ___
- Co adapted gene complex
- What is the co evolved collection of better functioning genes for a certain environment
- fatal to the organism
- Change is chromosomal number is usually ____
- we are losing more of our plant populations and the loss of intraspecific variations
- The current human mass extinction differs from past one in that __________