chapter1-policing
Terms
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- prescribed role
- tasks and activities police are required to do by law
- order maintenance role
- police role includes forcing a panhandler/ drunk to vacate premises, investigate suspicious person or vehicle, domestic disturbances, bar fights, riot or disorder,noisy parties/ gatherings
- political era
- Characterized by authority coming from politicians and the law, a broad social service function, decentralized organization, an intimate relationship with the community and extensive use of foot patrol.
- 6th amendment
- right to a speedy trial, be informed of nature and cause of accusation,confront witnessess and obtain witnesses
- 2nd amendment
- right to bear arms
- criminal justice system
- composed of police, courts, and corrections
- leges henrici
- A document that made law enforcement a public matter and separated offenses into felonies and misdemeanors.
- franklin pledge
- Norman modification of the tithing system requiring loyalty to the king's law and mutual local responsibility in maintaining the peace.
- social contract
- members of society assumedly enter an agree create state and gov't to aquire security and order for entire society
- government
- political institution of the state that uses organization, bureaucracy,and formality to regulate social interactions and is most often reconized among societies that emerge as nation-states
- vice comes
- one of 1st actsby king william was to separate law inforcement and judiciary by creating judges who travel about the realm to hear cases
- draconian
- term that describes cruel and aggressive punishment derived from the ruler Draco whomade the law with a vengence of boodshed
- investigative commision
- panels,boards or group usually appt by politicians to investigate police corruption and police practice
- mesopotamia
- thought to be the first civilization - about 3500 bc
- enacted role
- the actual activities and tasks carried out by police
- tithing system
- Established the principle of collective responsibility for maintaining local law and order by organizing families into groups of 10 families known as a tithing.
- 7th amendment
- right to trial by jury 4 common law if exceeds $20
- procedural law
- Refers to laws that prescribe how police apply substantive laws
- 10th amentment
- powers not given to us by constitution are reserves for states
- roman empire
- state initially ruled by ceaser
- law
- A body of rules for human conduct that are enforced by imposing penalties for their violation.
- 8th amendment
- no excessive bail, fines nor cruel or unusual punishment
- reform era
- Characterized by authority coming from the law and professionalism; crime control as the primary function of law enforcement; a centralized, efficient organization; professional remoteness from the community; and an emphasis on preventive motorized patrol and rapid response to crime.
- spoils system
- A political system whereby "friends" of politicians were rewarded with key positions in the police department.
- community oriented policing
- police officers should form partnerships w/ citizens to address crime and fear issues
- magna charter
- A decisive document in the development of constitutional government in England that checked royal power and placed the king under the law (1215).
- seperation of powers
- each branch of govt operates independently acting as checks and balance on govt powers and authority
- equal opportunity act
- 1972 prohibits discrimination on basis of sex,race,color, religion,nat'l origin in employment of any kind
- prohibition movement
- 1920-1933 resulted from passage of 18th amendment in 1919 which outlawed the manufacture,sale or transportation of intoxicating liquor beverages w/I the US and its territories- ended in 1933
- hue and cry
- A shout by a citizen who witnessed a crime, enlisting the aid of others in the area to chase and catch the offender. May be the origin of the general alarm and the citizen's arrest.
- social agent style policing
- solves problem by looking at the whole situation and coming up w/asolution
- crime fighter style policing
- Serious crimes only-Ignores petty crimes-Supercop-carries a stack of social agencies cards
- norman conquest
- william- duke of normandy-invaded and conquered england- normans brought sense of collective security as opposed to individual rights and commenced to centralize govt activities and operations
- rattle watch
- A group of citizens patrolling at night armed with rattles to call for help. Used in New Amsterdam in the 1650s.
- bow street runners
- the 1st detective unit-london-henry fielding-1750
- convenience norms
- role of police includes investigating traffic accidents, issuing tickets, directing traffic
- 9th amendment
- shall not be construed to deny others retained by the people
- vizier
- chief official of egyptian govt who had responsibility over agriculture, labor,treasury, justice
- 5th amendment
- protects against self incrimination, double jeopardy, deprivation of life liberty or property w/o due process, grand jury trial for capitol cases
- police state
- used to describe a society that totally manages all aspects of social life by the use of state force and power
- decentralization
- police forces are controlled at the fedl, state and local levels rather than being focused at national level
- social differentiation
- as villages grew in population and resources civilizations began to develope these usually beginning w/ slavery, a surplus of material resources based on trade, production, warfare and exploitation of labor
- praetorian guard
- created by augustus ceaser to protect him from assassination- consisted of 9 cohorts each w/ 1000 men
- media image of policing
- thinks its all about crime fighting, excitement and danger
- social control
- the collective practices by which a group attempts to ensure that individuals conform to the norms and values of the group
- case law
- Refers to written opinions of the courts
- substantive law
- Refers to criminal statutes that define which behaviors are acceptable and unacceptable in society
- law enforcer style policing
- does everthing by book-very professional- follows all rules
- civil law
- Regulates social interactions arising from private, commercial or contractual relations
- slave patrols
- helped to maintain economic order and to assist the wialthy landowners recover and punish thir slaves
- pendaeton act
- 1883 -created the civil service system for govt employees and made it legal to fire or demote a worker for political reasons
- 3rd amendment
- soldier must have owner permission to b quartered in their house
- amendment one
- freedom of religion,speech,of the press,right to assemble,petition gov't
- labor roles
- 1835 series of riots thru country-caused watchman to become police organization and labor unions to form
- law enforcement role
- role of police includes investigating crim activities, crimes in progress, serving warrants and interrogating
- watchman style policing
- does as little as possible-maintaining public orderw/o making arrests-avoids trouble, paperwork-counting down to retirement
- norm enforcement
- police function associated with standardized expetations of social positions
- riot act
- An order permitting the magistrate to call the military to quell a riot.
- community policing
- style/form of policing on the belief that the community must become involved in protecting itself: assist police
- greek city-states
- follow dark ages- greece developed well defined division of labor, and political structure-became about 150 each w/ own laws and judicial system
- vigils
- formed by ceaser to guard and fight fires during roman empire
- community era
- Characterized by authority coming from community support, law and professionalism; broad provision of services, including crime control; decentralized organization with more authority given to patrol officers; an intimate relationship with the community; and use of foot patrol and a problem-solving approach
- london metropolitan police
- 1st mmodern english police dept created in london 1829
- federalism
- form of political organization that distributes authority and power among levels of govt
- preferred role
- tasks and activities that public want police to do
- constable
- An elected official of a hundred responsible to lead the citizens in pursuit of any lawbreakers. The first English police officer and, as such, in charge of the weapons and horses of the entire community.