Ch. 34
Terms
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- John Nance Garner
- FDR's VP for 8 years, doesn't run w/ him again
- Dr. Francis Townsend
- Cal, support of 5 million senior citizens; wants to give them all $200 a month
- 20th Amendment
- 1932; moves inaugural date to Jan. 20th; get rid of lame duck period
- American Liberty League
- critics of FDR; most conservative Rep. Politicians and businessmen
- "boon doggling"
- jobs for men to do during winter, dumb stuff just to give them wages
- Federal Deposit insurance Company
- insured individual deposits up to 5,000, no more bank failures
- Schechter Case
- shoots down the NRA, Congress can't control local commerce that much
- Reorganization Act
- 1939; FDR limited powers for admin. Reforms; new executive office in white house
- Memorial Day Massacre
- Republic Steel Co. South Carolina; police fire on strikers, several score dead and wounded
- The three R's
- relief, recovery, reform
- Work Progress Admin.
- 1935; emplyment on useful projects, building bridges, roads, other jobs were stupid, 9 million give jobs
- Jones and Laughlin Steel VS NLRB
- 1938; boss fires guys for making a union; NLRB and Sup. Ct say he can't do that; case when Owen makes the switch
- Social Security Act 1935
- federal-state unemployment insurance; also security for retired - monthly payment
- Father Coughlin
- Catholic priest in Michigan 1930, slogan of Social Justice, anti New Deal, anti semitic, fascist
- Huey Long
- Kingfish; Sen. of Louisiana, "share our wealth" program; shot in 1935
- Agricultural Adjustment Act
- gave millions to help farmers meet mortgages
- Federal Emergency Relief Act
- F.E.R.A.; immediate relief, not long range recovery
- Home Owners Loan Corp.
- HOLC, refinanced mortgages; assisted a million pinched households, bolted political loyalties of relieved middle class to Dem. Party
- John Lewis and the Committee for Industrial Org.
- boss of United Mine Workers; unions for unskilled labor
- Rex Tugwell; Raymond Moley; Adolph Berle; Harry Hopkins
- Brain trust guys, help FDR w/ New Deal ideas
- Civil Works Administration
- CWA; branch of FERA, provides temp. jobs during winter emergency
- Harry Hopkins
- leader of FERA, granted 3 billion to states for direct dole payments or wages on work projects
- Federal Securities Act
- required seller to tell investor their stock and bond values, to protect buyer
- Walter Ruther; Sidney Hellman
- helped make CIO with John Lewis
- Hateh Act 1939
- barred fed. Officials from active political campaigning; forbade use of gov. funds for political purpose
- The Flint Michigan sit down strike
- G.M.C.; unskilled workers sit down in factory; can't hire scabs; they won
- National Recovery Admin
- assist industry labor, unemployed; blue eagle symbol; codes for fair competition
- National debt
- $19,487,000,000 in 1932 (19 billion); 40,440,000,000 (40 billion) in 1939; 285 billion after WWII
- Mary Bethune
- highest ranking black in FDR administration; officer of minority affairs in National Youth Admin.; organizes black cabinet to bet black rights in New Deal
- John Colleier
- commission of Indian Affairs; tries to reverse Dawes Act; suggests the Indian Reorganization Act
- Wagner Act (Nat'l Labor Relations Act)
- 1935; right of labor to organize and bargain
- Marian Anderson
- black opera singer, Eleanor gets her a gig on Lincoln Memorial
- Fair Labor Standard Act (Wages and Hours Bill)
- interstate commerce has minimum wage and max. hours; child labor under 16 illegal; blacks, and women don't benefit
- Owen Robert
- Sup. Ct judge; had been very conservative; after court-packing try, got really liberal; "a switch in time saves nine"
- Grant Wood
- painted "American Gothic"; the scary farmer and his ugly daughter
- 21st Amendment
- 1933; prohibition repealed officially
- Indian Reorganization Act
- "Indian New Deal" tribes to establish local self-gov. to reserve native crafts and traditions; stop loss of Indian lands, 77 tribes refuse; 200 others sign up
- Resettlement Admin
- removing almost farmless farmers to better land; CCC plants 200 million trees
- Fed. Housing Admin.
- 1934; small loans to householders for improvement and building
- Francis Perkins
- first woman cabinet member; Sec. Of labor