S.S Ch. 5

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The Battles of Lexington: Battle of Lexington April 19, 1775. This battle occured in Lexington when 77 minutemen led by Capt. John Parker await "Redcoats'" arrival. Major John Pitcairn arrives shortly before dawn with 700 british troops and orders militia to throw down their weapons and disperse. Someone fires, we do not know who, this is known as the shot heard around the world. 8 minutemen killed, 10 wounded, and1 British soldier slightly wounded. British WINS this battle and kept marching west.
King George III: king of England, young, inexperienced, went mad in his latter years as king
Tea Act: Because the British East India Company faced ruin, Parliament passed this act to help save the East India Company. John Hancock's ship called "The Liberty" was seized. He was charged with smuggling but the charges were later dropped because he did not smuggle. Hancock organized boycotts of TEA sold by the Brittish East India Company (BEIC). By 1773 The BEIC had a hyge debt, a surplus (too much) of tea, and no way to sell it due to all the smugglers selling tea much cheaper. The act was passed by the British government giving the company the right to ship tea to the colonies without paying most of the taxes usaully placed on the tea. It also allowed the company to bypass colonial merchants and sell its tea directly to shopkeepers at a low price...CHEAP! The ships were prevented from landing everywhere but Boston because there were so many colonies Boston got to be in POWER. The tea sold by the East India Company was cheaper than any other tea in the colonies giving them a very favorable advantage over colonial merchants - giving them a monopoly on tea trade. The COLONIST were mad so they BOYCOTTED English goods
July 4, 1776: Final draft of The Declaration of Independence completed
What 3 men road from Boston to Lexington on the night of April 18, 1775?: Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott
propaganda: ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion (used to make some act or believe in a certain way)
Crispus Attucks: African American dock worker, first killed in the massacre
Common Sense: Thomas Paine - it claimed it was just common sense that America should be independent because it was ridiculous for an island to rule a continent - and that being part of Britain would drap America into unnecessary European wars
The Battle of Bunker Hill (ESSAY): The British charged up the hill twice. Each time they received heavy losses and were forced to retreat. After waiting for an hour for 400 reinforcements to arrive, the British charged again. The Americans ran out of ammunition and were forced to retreat down the north face of the hill. The British shot the Americans in the back as the retreated. The British had 1054 casualites - America had only 441 deaths. Most of the American deaths occurred during the retreat (including Dr. Joseph Warren who was tending to the wounded).The British had the most casualties but the Americans lost the battle because they ran awayXXXX
Second Continental Congress: 1) authorized the printing of money 2) established the post office 3) made committees to communicate with the Natives 4) created the Continental Army 5) Chose George Washington as commander in chief 6) sent the Olive Branch Petition to King GeorgeXXX
nonimportation: the act of not importing or using certain goods
Col. William Prescott: leader of the American militia in the Battle of Bunker Hill; "Don't fire until you see the whites of their eyes
First Continental Congress: 1) made a statement of grievances calling for the repeal of 13 acts of Parliament 2) voted to boycott all British goods and trade 3) decided the colonies should form militias
Richard Henry Lee: from Virginia. On June 7, 1776 he proposed the resolution that the colonies should declare their independence from Britain. The colonies debated this resolution. DEBATED: 1)Some delegates thought that the colonies were not ready to form a separate nation. 2) others argues that war had already begun and a large portion of the American population wanted to separate from Great Britain. 3) others feared Great Britain's power to hold down the rebellion.
Facts about the ride: Revere and Dawes are captured after Lexington and Prescott finishes the ride to Concord and alerts the colonist
effigy: a rag figure that represents an unpopular collector. The firstgt effigy was hung on an Elm tree in Boston. This tree became known as the Liberty Tree which served as a rallying site for protest.
What did the Declaration of Independece declare?: 1)Locke wrote that people were born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property; that people formed governments to protect these rights; and that a government interfering with these rights might rightfully be overthrown.
Charles Townshend: British finance minister, Townshend Acts
Who were the riders in the "midnight Ride"?: Paul Revere, Willaim Dawes, and Dr. Samuel Prescott
How many colonies voted on it?: 12 colonies voted for it immediately and later New York agreed to support it.
Who was first to sign D o I: John Hancock the president of the 2nd Cont. Congress
The Tea Party: On December 16, 1773 - the Sons of Liberty - dressed as Mohawk Indians boarder three ships armed with hatchets - the Dartmouth, the Eleanor, and the Beaver. They threw 342 chests of tea overboard into the harbor. The event was very peaceful and quiet. There was no interference by the British commander in Boston or the armed British ships nearby.Even though this occured, no one is talking about INDEPENCE. This party happened at 9:00
militia: a group of civilians trained to fight in emergencies
Writs of Assistance: legal documents that allowed customs officers to enter any location and search for smuggled goods
petition: a formal request
who was selected to write this historic document?: Thomas Jefferson actually wrote it.
Paul Revere's ride and goals (ESSAY): see essay
What was the colonial reaction to the massacre: The boycotts became worse. The Parliament repeals all of the Townshend Acts except tax on TEA. Samuel Adams revives the Committee of Correspondence and demands that Massachusetts governor Thomas Hutchinson remove all British troops from Boston.
minutemen: companies of civilian soldiers who boasted that they were ready to fight on a minute's notice
Patrick Henry: "Give me liberty or give me death"
John Hancock: chosen as the presidnet of the second continental congress; first signer of the US Constitution
July 2,1776: 2nd Continental Congress finally voted on Lee's resolution for independence
Stamp Act: placed a tax on all printed materials - newspapers, wills, playing cards, bills of sale. Merchants wanted this act appealed because they were losing money!
Governor Thomas Hutchinson: Governor of Massachusets; hates and is afraid of The Sons of Liberty; allows the militarty to maintain a strong presence in Boston
Intolerable Acts: King George III is furious with the Tea Party. Parliament passes the Coercive Acts which the colonist renamed the INTOLERABLE ACTS...these acts: 1) closed the Boston Harbor until the colonists paid for the ruined tea 2) prohibited all town meetings 3) the colonists were forced to shelter soldiers in their homes - known as the quartering act
Samuel Adams: leader of The Sons of Liberty
Dr. Joseph Warren: gave the signal to Revere: "one if by land, two if by sea"
What did they actually say?: "The regulars are out"
Which 2 men were they trying to warn?: Samuel Adams and John Hancock
Townshend Act: taxed only imported goods- not internal taxes. It taxed items such as glass, paper, tea and lead that were not produced in the colonies. These acts caused more boycotts
Who actually finished the ride?: Dr. Prescott finished the ride
Thomas Paine: writer of Common Sense
George Grenville: British Prime Minister, decided colonies should pay higher taxes to pay off the debt from the French and Indian war. taxes!!! He wanted to stop smuggling.
Georgia signers of the Declaration of Independence: 1) Button Gwinnett 2) Lyman Hall 3) George Walton
James Otis: Boston lawyer "Taxation without representation is tyranny"
Battle of Concord: British continued to conquer, arriving at 7:30am. Almost everything had been moved from the arsenal. After a brief skirmish with about 400 militia men at North Bridge the British began marching back to Boston. While the British marched Americans hid behind treees and fences shooting at the redcoats. The British are mad at the sniper attacks. So they burn several American houses and killed the suspected snipers. 73 British killed and 200 wounded. 93 Americans killed and 39 wounded. American WINS this battlle of Concord.
Why did Grenville institute taxation in the colonies: decided the colonists should pay higher taxes to pay off the debt from the war
George Washington: member of the second cont. congress; is chosen as the commander of the Continental Army
Declaration of Independence: was written by Thomas Jefferson. This document was written at the Continental Congress. !st issue debated 1) Should the colonies declare themselves and independent nation, or should they stay under the Britsh rule.
Sugar Act: 1) lowered taxes on molasses imported by colonist 2) established special courts to try smuggling cases; Grenville thought it would prevent smuggling.
propaganda: ideas or information designed and spread to influence opinion
preamble: the introduction to a formal document, especially the constitution
What was Samuel Adams and Paul Revere's involvement in the Boston Massacre: An unruly mob taunted the soldiers that had been mean to them. They called the soldiers names. The colonists threw snowballs, chunks of ice, rocks, and horse manure. The 29th Regiment led by Captain Thomas Preston came to their aid. Though Captain Preston yelled, "Don't fire!" - a soldier slipped and fell causing his gun to go off. The soldiers opened fire killing 3 instantly and 2 died later. (total of 5 men died) This event became known as the Boston Massacre. The first to die was Crispus Attucks - an African American dock worker.
July 9, 1776: Washington had it read to his troops
Samuel Adams: He coined the term The Boston Massacre. He was also the leader of the Sons of Liberty which organized boycotts!

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