illustrations - 2nd modern test

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16.1 p. 323 Frank Lloyd Wright, Larkin Building, Buffalo, New York, 1904: Office bldg for a mail order company, arranged space for office workers on several levels surrounding a central skylit court.
16.2 p. 324 Frank Lloyd Wright, Windlow House, River Forest, Illinois, 1893: Early FLW work often used details that carry a hint of traditional architecture and the influence of Louis Sullivan. Small loggia, pedestal topped by sculpture
16.3 p. 325, FLW, Coonley House, Riversite Illinois, 1907: Wright had established his personal early modern style. Geometric design is present in the stained glass and in the specially designed rug. Furniture is of Wright's design.
16.4 p. 326, FLW, Robie House, Chicago, 1908-10: The best known and most admired of WRight's early works. Dining room forms an extension of living room with only a free-standing fireplace and chimney to separate them. Highbacked chairs around table and lampu units intended to give a sense of containment to family and visitors seated at table. Built-in cabinets, stained glass windows, and ceiling detail all typical of work Wright completed in early 20th century.
16.5 p. 327 Theo van Doesburg, Cafe l'Aubette, Strasbourg, France, 1926-8: In this entertainment center, with bars, ballrooms and a cinema, van Doesburg used De Stijl abstract geometric forms to generate a strikingly modern interior in the Cinema Dance Hall
Mondrian is famous for: his abstract paintings using bands of black arranged in rectilinear grids on a white background, with some areas filled in with pure primary colors. Mondrian and van Doesburg developed a theory, called Neoplasticism, which asserted the superiority of abstract values of form and color over all naturalistic and subject values in art.
The best known De Stijl work was produced by _________: Gerrit Rietveld (188-1964), whose Schroder House in Utrecht is the most complete realization of the movements ideas. it is a rectilinear block made up of complex interpentrating planes of wall, roof, and projecting decks, with voids filled by glass in metal sah.
Rietveld's most familiar works are two geometrically formed chairs:: 1. the small and simple Z chair made from 4 flat wooden rectangles arranged in a Z configuration and
2. red and blue arm chair of 1918 where a cage of thin wooden strips painted black with yellow ends supports the flat seat and back planes painted red and blue.
16.8, p. 329 Walter Gropius, Bauhaus, Weimar, Germany, 1923: While the Bauhaus was still at Weimar, Germany, 1923, Gropius designed his own office using abstract geometric forms. The rug, tapestry, furniture, and hanging lighting fixture are the work of the Bauhaus faculty or students. The desk and chair are Gropius's own designs.
16.9, p. 330 Walter Gropius, Bauhaus, Dessau, Germany, 1926: In the ground floor plan the shop areas appear at the lower left, and the lecture hall and dining room extend to the right. A bridge at upper floor levels connects to the classroom block, shown above. A street passes under the bridge element, and there are entrances to the building on both sides.
16.10 Marcel Breuer, Cesca chair, 1928. p. 331: This metal tubular-framed chair was named in honor of designer Marcel Breuer's daughter Cesca. Made in both arm and armless versions, it had seats and backs of cane (there were also cushioned versions. Remains in production.
1611. Marcel Breuer, Wassily chair, 1925: This design by Marcel Breuer uses a frame of chrome plated steel tubing to support seat, arms, and back of stretched material, either canvas or leather.
Walter Gropius: practiced for a time in England but moved to America to become the head of the Graduate School of Design at Harvard.
Marcel Breuer,: first a student, then an instructor at the Bauhaus, before becoming an associate of Gropius and eventually an independent designer, is particularly well-known for his furniture designs from the Bauhuas era. These include the Cesca chair and the Wasily chair.
Mies van der Rohe: and Lilly Reich developed furniture designs such as the MR chairs which used a frame of steel tubing bend into a cantilever form to support seat and back of stretched leather. Internantional reputation form Barcelona Pavilion - marble - eight steel columns supported a flat slab roof.
Mies van der Rohe - known for:: 1. Tugendhat House
2. German Pavilion International Exhibilition Barcelona - marble, travertine
3. Barcelona chair
4. Farnsworth House, Plano, Illinois
5. Head of architectural program at the Illinois Institute of Technology in Chicago.
6. Seagram Bldg in NY (collaboration with Philip Johnson
Le Corbusier, known for:: 1. Villa Schwob, Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland (regulating lines)
2. Villa Savoye, Poissy, France
3. LE Corbusier and Charloote Perriand, chaise
4. Le Corbusier chair - chrome-plated steel cage holds five leather-covered cushions
5. Unite' d'habitation, Marseilles, 1945
6. Church of Notre-Dame-du-Haut, Ronchamp
7. Carpenter Center - Harvard - only Le Corbusier in America
Alvar Aalto, known for:: 1. Turun Sanomat Bldg, Turku, Finland (tapering concrete columns)
2. Paimio Sanatorium,
3. City Library, Vilipuri, Finland
4. Villa Mairea, Noormarkku, Finland
5. Finnish Pavilion, New York World's Fair, 1939
6. Vuokenniska Church, Imatra, Finland
Bauhaus: A German school of art and design of 1919 to 1932. Under the direction of Walter Gropius the school was strongly influential in the development of modernism in all aspects of design
brutalism: Modern architectural style using massive elements, usually of exposed concrete
cantilever: A horizontal projecting beam or other structure supported only at its inward end
Art Deco: A decorative style of the 1920's and 1930s using elements intended to suggest modern technological developments
Textile Block: Concrete Block developed in the 1920's by Frank Lloyd Wright with patterned surface to provide a textile-like surface pattern
unite' d' habitation: Term given to large apartment dwellings as developed int he 20th century by Le Corbusier.
Usonian: Term coined by Frank Lloyd Wright to describe his American (U.S.) style architecture.
De Stijl: A dutch movement (1917-31) of early modernism in art and design.
Danish Modern: 20th century decorative and furniture style developed in Denmark.
high tech: 20th century modern architecture and design featuring elements typical of advanced technological design, such as that of aircraft and spacecraft.
International Style: A 20th centuiry architectural style based on function, usually without ornament, and characterized by flat roofs and large glass areas.
Moderne: French language term for modern or modernistic design
In 2932, Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson organized the exhibition "The Internaitonal Style" for the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) in New York - they included only X American Projects: 7 - not Frank Lloyd Wright whom they did not consider of the "International Style"
Frank Lloyd Wrights: 1. Best Known Residential work 2. Best known non-residential 3. others: 1. Fallingwater (1936); Bearrun Pennsylvania (Near Pittsburg)
2. S.C. JOhnson Co. office bldg. in Racine, Wisconsin (1939)
3. Usonian House Design (U.S.) - Taliesin, Taliesin West
WAlter Gropius & Marcel Breuer went where in U.S.?: Harvard - Cambridge, MA
Mies van der rohe went where in U.S.?: Illinois Institute of Technology
Philip Johnson eventually left his post as chairman of Dept. of Architecture - what is he famous for?: Glass house and being a student of Walter Gropius and collaborativing with Mies van der Rohe on Ny. Y. Skyscraper - Seagram building of 1954-8
Knoll Furniture: modern furniture appropriate for International movement
Florence (Schust) knoll knew saarinsens at Cranbrook and was able to bring:: 1. Eero Sarinen (womb chair, grasshopper chair, tulip chair)
2. Marcel Breuer
3. Mies van der Rhoe
4. HArry Bertoia (sculptor) wire chair
Herman Miller: Hired George Nelson - designed pieces and included designs by Isamu Noguchi and Charles Eames (Cranbrook)

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