Neuro drugs
Terms
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- Ethosuximide tox
- GI distress, lethargy, headache, urticaria, Stevens-Johnson.
- L-dopa tox
- dyskinesia following administration, akinesia between doses
- Carbamazepine
- Partial and 1st line for tonic-clonic. Increase Na channel inactivation. 1st line for trigeminal neuralgia.
- Tubocurarine, atracurium, mivacurium
- Nondepolarizing NM blockers
- Lamotrigine
- Partial and tonic-clonic. Blocks voltage gated Na channels.
- Methoxyflurane
- Nephrotox
- Succinylcholine
- Depolarizing NM blocker.
- Phenobarbital tox
- Sedation, tolerance, dependence, induces P-450
- Enflurane
- Proconvulsant
- Thiopental
- Barbiturate used for IV anesthesia. Rapid entry into CNS -> induction and short surgery.
- Inhaled anesthetics
- Myocardial and respiratory depression, n/v, increased cerebral blood flow
- Benztropine
- Antimuscarinic for Parkinson's
- Ketamine tox
- PCP analog. CV stimulant. Disorientation, hallucination, bad dreams.
- Carbamazepine tox
- Diplopia, ataxia, blood dyscrasias, liver tox, teratogenesis, induction of P-450.
- Dantrolene mechanism
- prevents Ca release from SR of sk mm
- Flumazenil
- Treats decreased BP caused by Midazolam.
- Propofol
- Rapid anesthesia, less post-op nausea than thiopental
- Diazepam, lorazepam tox
- Sedation, tolerance, dependence, CNS depression with EtOH. Less risk of respiratory depression and coma than barbiturates.
- Selegiline
- MAO type B inhibitor for Parkinson's
- Selegiline
- May enhance adverse effects of L-dopa
- Sumatriptan
- 5-HT1D agonists. Coronary vasospasm (contraindicated for CAD or angina)
- Entacapone, tolcapone
- COMT inhibitors for Parkinson's
- Midazolam
- Benzo used for endoscopy IV anesthesia. Post-op respiratory depression.
- Benzodiazepines
- 1st line for acute status. Increase frequency of Cl- channel opening, facilitating GABA-A action.
- Carbidopa
- peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor given with L-dopa
- Halothane
- Hepatotox
- Barbiturates
- Increase GABA-A action by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening, thus decreasing neuronal firing.
- Local anesthetics
- Block Na channels by binding to them.
- Cocaine
- Local anesthetic that causes arrhythmias
- Bromocriptine, Pramipexole, Ropinirole
- Agonize DA receptors for Parkinsons
- Gabapentin
- Partial and tonic-clonic. Increased GABA release. Also for peripheral neuropathy.
- Lamotrigine tox
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome
- L-dopa
- Can cross the BBB and be converted by dopa decarboxylase
- Phenobarbital
- Partial and tonic-clonic. Increase GABA-A action. 1st line in pregnant women and children.
- Phenytoin
- Increases Na channel inactivation and inhibit glutamate release. For all but absence seizures. 1st line for status prophylaxis and tonic-clonic.
- Local anesthetic tox
- HTN, hypotension, CNS excitation
- Esters and Amides
- Given with vasoconstrictors (usually epi) to enhance local action
- Phenytoin tox
- Nystagmus, diplopia, ataxia, sedation, malignant hyperthermia, gingival hyperlasia, hirsutism, megaloblastic anemia, teratogenesis, SLE-like syndrome, induction of P-450.
- Topiramate
- Partial and tonic-clonic. Blocks Na channels and increases GABA action.
- Benzodiazepines
- Anxiety, spasticity, status epilepticus, detox (esp alcohol), night terrors, sleepwalking.
- Dantrolene
- Tx malignant hyperthermia (caused by inhalation anesthetics + succinylcholine) and neuroleptic malignant syndrome (caused by antipsychotic drugs).
- Barbiturates uses
- Sedative for anxiety, seizures, insomnia, induction of anesthesia (thiopental).
- Ethosuximide
- First line for absence seizures. Block thalamic type Ca-channels.
- Topiramate tox
- sedation, mental dulling, kidney stones, weight loss.
- Gabapentin tox
- Sedation, ataxia.
- Amantadine, L-dopa/carbidopa
- Increase DA for Parkinson's
- Bupivacaine
- Local anesthetic that causes CV tox
- Neostigmine, edrophonium
- Cholinesterase inhibitors reverse NM blockades
- Phenobarbital, pentobarbital tox
- Dependence, CNS depression additive with alcohol, respiratory and CV depression, induction of P-450.
- Morphine, fentanyl
- Used w/other CNS depressants for general anesthesia.
- Ketamine
- An arylcyclohexamine.
- Valproic Acid
- Partial, 1st line for tonic-clonic, and absence. Increase Na channel inactivation and GABA concentration. Alos used for myoclonic seizures.