chapter 20 pharm
drugs used for pain mgmt
Terms
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- WHAT R OPIATE AGONISTS USED FOR?
- RELIEVE ACUTE OR CHRONIC MODERATE TO SEVERE PAIN...ASSOC. W/ ACUTE INJURY, POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, RENAL OR BILIARY COLIC , MI, OR CANCER
- NEUROPATHIC PAIN
- RESULTS FROM INJURY 2 THE PERIPHERAL OR CNS....PHANTOM LIMB PAIN
- PAIN PERCEPTION
- AKA NOCIEPTION.....IS AN PERSONS AWARENESS OF THE FEELING OR SENSATION OF PAIN
- OPIATE RECEPTORS
- ARE W/IN THE CNS...THEY ARE A SERIES OF RECEPTORS THAT CONTROL PAIN
- CEILING EFFECT
- INCREASING THE DOSAGE DOES NOT SIGNIFICANTLY INCREASE THE ANALGESIA BUT DEFINITELY INCREASES THE INCIDENCE OF SIDE EFFECTS......OPIATE PARTIAL AGONIST
- WHAT IS PAIN W/ INFLAMMATION IS TREATED THIS WAY?
- RESPONDS WILL TO NASAID's. UNRELIEVED OR MODERATE PAIN IS TREATED W/ A MODERATE POTENCY OPIATE (CODEINE OR OXYCODONE)
- McGILL MELSACK PAIN QUESTIONAIRE....
- THIS TOOL USES DESCRIPTIVE WORDS OR PHARSES TO ID THE PAIN, ESPECIALLY USEFUL IN PT's W/ CHRONIC PAIN
- PAIN EXPERIENCE
- AN UNPLEASANT SENSATION THAT IS PART OF A LARGER SITUATION...CAN B HIGHLY SUBJECTIVE
- OPIATE AGONISTS...EFFECTS TO REPORT?
- RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION, UR RETENTION, EXCESSIVE USE OR ABUSE
- EUPHORIA
- a feeling of great happiness or wellbeing
- NOCICEPTORS
- ST STEP LEADING TO SENSATION OF PAIN IS THE STIMULATION OF RECEPTORS KNOWN AS NOCICEPTORS
- SALICYLATES
- most common analgesics used for relief of slight to moderate pain, .THEY ARE prostaglandin inhibitors
- OPIATE PARTIAL AGONISTS SUCH AS butorphanol (Stadol) & nalbuphine (Nubain) are effective analgesics when?
- PRIOR OPIATE ANTAGONIST HAVE NOT BEEN ADMIN.
- PAIN TOLERANCE
- IS THE PERSONS ABILITY TO ENDURE PAIN
- NOCICEPTIVE PAIN
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY....IS A RESULT OF STIMULUS TO PAIN RECEPTORS
- OPIATE PARTIAL AGONISTS
- their actions depend on ahether an opiate agonist has been admin. previously & teh extent to which physical dependence has developed to that opiate agonist....
- OPIATE AGONISTS ...DESCRIBE
- SEMISYNTHETIC & SYNTHETIC DRUGS THAT HAVE CAPABILITY TO RELIEVE PAIN W/O THE LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS, CONTINUED USES MAY PRODUCE TOLERANCE OR PSYCHOLOGICAL & PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE....ADDICTION
- if the pt is not addicted to opiate agonist and is gien a PARTIAL OPIATE AGONIST...WHAT WILL HAPPEN?
- THERE IS NO INTERACTION & THE PT WILL BE RELIEVED OF PAIN
- NONSTERIODAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY AGENTS
- NSAIDS...ASPIRIN LIKE DRUGS..UNRELATED TO SALICYLATES.....BUT ARE PROSTAGLANDIN INHIBITORS these are most effective when used as an alternative for pt's who are not tolerant to aspirin
- DRUG TOLERANCE
- OCCURS WHEN THE PT REQUIRES INCREASES IN DOSING TO RECEIVE THE SAME ANALGESIC RELIEF
- DRUG TOLERANCE HAPPENS WHEN?
- THE PT REQUIRES INCREASED DOSES OF THE SAME ANALGESIC TO OBTAIN THE SAME RELIEF
- OPIATE AGONISTS....SIDE EFFECTS TO EXPECT?
- DIZZINESS, NAUSEA, LIGHTHEADEDNESS, VOMIT, SWEATING, CONFUSION, ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION, CONSTIPATION,
- WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEDS. CONTAIN CODEINE?
- Tylenol #2, #3, #4
- IDIOPATHIC PAIN
- NONSPECIFIC PAIN OF UNKNOWN ORIGIN
- THE NURSE SHOULD EVALUATE FOR PAIN WHEN?
- IMMEDIATELY B 4 AND AFTER PAIN MEDS R GIVEN, AT 1-2, & 3 HOURS INTERVALS FOR ORAL MEDICATIONS .,,,,,,,,& AT 15-30 MIN INTERVALS AFTER PARENTERAL ADMIN.
- WHAT IS MILD, ACUTE PAIN TREATED WITH?
- ANALGESICS....ASPIRIN, NSAIDs
- ANALGESICS
- RELIEVE PAIN W/O PRODUCING LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS OR REFLEX ACTIVITY
- what happens to a pt that has become addicted to an opiate agonist and is given a OPIATE PARTIAL AGONIST?e
- THE OPIATE PARTIAL AGONIST will induce withdrawal symptoms from the opiate agonist
- CHRONIC PAIN
- SLOWER ONSET....LASTS LONGER THAT 3 MONTHS BEYOND THE HEALING PROCESS
- SEVERE, ACUTE PAIN IS TREATED WITH WHAT?
- OPIATE AGONIST....
- ADDICTION
- PSYCHOLOGICAL & PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE....ADDICTION
- PAIN CARE BILL OF RIGHTS SAYS WHAT?
- EXPLAINS TO THE PT EXACTLY WHAT TO EXPECT & OR DEMAND IN WAY OF PAIN MGMT.
- VISCERAL PAIN
- IF IT ORIGINATES FROM THE ABDOMEN & THORACIC ORGANS
- what is the major benefit of SALICYLATES?
- they do not dull the consciousness level & do not couse mental sluggishness, memory disturbances, hallucinations, euphoria, or sedation
- WHICH ROUTE HAS THE LONGER ONSET OF ACTION....
- ORAL & RECTAL .....PARENTERAL ROUTE IS NOT AS GOOD
- WHAT R THE 4 STEPS OF NOCICEPTION PAIN?
- TRANSDUCTION, TRANSMISSION, PERCEPTION, MODULATION
- SOMATIC PAIN
- NOCICEPTIVE PAIN.......IS CALLED THIS...DULL & ACHING, ORGINATES FROM THE SKIN, BONE, JOINTS, MUSCLES OR CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- THE WONG-BAKER SCALE....IS?
- USED IN PT's OVER 3 YEARS OLD AND HAVE A LANGUAGE BARRIER OR WHO DO NOT READ....THEY CAN SELECT A FACE THAT BEST DESCRIBES THEIR PAIN
- IF RESPIRATIONS ARE BELOW 12.......
- DO NOT ADMIN OPIATE AGONISTS AND PARTIAL OPIATE AGONISTS
- WHAT ARE SOME OPIATE AGONISTS?
- codeine, hydromorphone,oxymorphone, morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl
- HOW LONG FOR A PT TO BECOME ADDICTED TO OPIATE AGONISTS?
- 3 - 6 WEEKS
- ACUTE PAIN
- SUDDEN INJURY 2 THE STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, IT WARNS OF POTENTIAL OR ACTUAL TISSUE DAMAGE
- OPIATE ANTAGONISTS
- NO EFFECT ON OWN OTHER THAN ABILITY TO REVERSE RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION. if this is admin. to a person addicted to opiate agonists or opiate partial agonists...withdrawal symptoms may be precipitated
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- end pharm 20