Drugs - from backup
Hey, Andrew here. This is all the backup data i could find :)
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- anticonvulsant causes gingival overgrowth, granulocytopenia, megaloblastic anemia
- phenytoin
- iris radial muscle
- a1 receptors
- affects inositol recycling
- lithium
- decreases local anesthetic uptake into circulation, keeps it where it should be
- epinephrine
- bind to ready state Na channels, act as local anesthetics
- tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin
- inhibit CA at the luminal membrane and in the PCT cell
- acetazolamide
- blocks ANS ganglia, releases histamine, may cause malignant hyperthermia and bronchospasm
- tubocurarine
- how acetazolamide keeps Na in the lumen
- decreased intracellular bicarb and H+, so there are no protons for the Na/H antiporter
- a-methyldopa (a2)
- prodrug forming a-methyl NE
- dilates both arterioles and venules
- nitroprusside
- converts dopamine to NE
- dopamine beta hydroxylase
- dopamine receptor agonists
- pramipexole, ropinirole
- high blood-gas solubility ratio
- slow onset and slow recovery from inhaled anesthetic
- CNS M blockers used in parkinson's
- trihexyphenidyl, benztropine
- used to decrease formation of aqueous humor, acute mountain sickness (pulm and cereb edema), metabolic alkalosis, elimination of acidic drugs
- acetazolamide
- used in partial seizures, blocks GABA transporter, but can cause flu-like symptoms
- tiagabine
- rapid recovery muscle relaxant, spontaneously metabolized (good) but can get into the CNS and cause seizures (bad)
- atracurium
- torsades, cinchonism
- quinidine
- the only anesthetic that causes CV stimulation, wild dreams too
- ketamine
- may decrease lithium clearance
- furosemide
- clonidine (a2)
- initial increase in BP followed by a decrease
- possible early waking with this benzo
- triazolam
- proarrhythmic but used IV for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias
- bretylium
- statin that also lowers TGs
- atorvastatin
- high potency antipsychotic available in depot form
- fluphenazine
- ganglion blockers, which stop reflex tachy, etc
- hexamethonium, mecamylamine
- long half life, decreases the clearance of some drugs
- amiodarone
- works like phenytoin, causes craniofacial abnormalities and spina bifida
- carbamazepine
- anticonvulsant also used for migraines, blocks all types of channels, causes spina bifida
- valproic acid
- benzo used for anxiety
- alprazolam
- opioid receptors involved in spinal anesthesia
- mu and kappa
- isoproterenol
- may cause flushing, angina, arrhythmias
- limited use due to proarrhythmic effects
- flecainide and encainide
- antipsychotic that may cause torsades and retinal deposits
- thioridazine
- hallucinogenic because of serotonin effects, neurotoxic
- MDMA (ecstasy)
- decrease SA and AV nodal activity, decrease phase 4 slope
- class IV antiarrhythmics
- gingival overgrowths, proteinuria
- CCBs
- excitatory via increased influx of cations
- glutamine receptor
- low sedating spasmolytic, acts at GABA-b receptors in the spinal cord
- baclofen
- blocks T type Ca currents in the thalamus
- ethosuxamide
- inhaled anesthetic that causes tonic clonic muscle spasms and decreases HR
- enflurane
- used to treat status epilepticus
- IV lorezepam, diazepam
- isoproterenol
- treats bronchospasm, heart block, bradyarrhythmias
- rapid onset and recovery inhaled anesthetic, causes respiratory irritation
- desflurane
- antipsychotic good for negative symptoms, blocks serotonin receptors
- olanzapine
- depolarizing muscle relaxant, can cause hyperkalemia and malignant hyperthermia
- succinylcholine
- blocks insulin release
- a2 stimulation
- toxicity of this mood stabilizer increases when used with diuretics
- lithium
- inhibit PDE to increase cAMP, cause thrombocytopenia
- amrinone
- increases AV refractory period
- adenosine
- increases urinary levels of all ions
- loop diuretics
- opioid kappa agonist and mu blocker, good analgesia and low abuse potential
- nalbuphine, pentazocine
- serotonin syndrome when used with SSRIs
- meperidine and dextromethorphan
- opioid that causes histamine release
- morphine
- mutation in the gene encoding cardiac potassium channels
- long QT syndrome (torsades with IA and class III)
- anticonvulsant blocks Na channels in their inactivated state
- phenytoin
- safe drugs for bipolar disorder in pregnancy
- gabapentin and clonazepam
- used for prophylaxis against reentrant and atrial tachycardias
- verapamil
- TCA used for OCD
- clomipramine
- inhibitory via increased Cl influx A type) or increased K efflux (B type)
- GABA receptor
- nonselective alpha blocker, can increase gastric acid secretion
- phentolamine
- drug of choice for arrhythmias following cardioversion
- lidocaine
- change in receptors (tolerance type)
- pharmacodynamic tolerance
- can cause hyperglycemia via decreased insulin release
- diazoxide
- treatment of open angle glaucoma
- beta blockers, cholinergics
- drug of choice for PSVT and AV nodal arrhythmias
- adenosine
- additive, lower in the elderly
- MAC
- MAO-B inhibitor metabolized in the CNS to amphetamine, but at least it doesnt interact with tyramine!
- selegiline
- a1 blocker used for mild HTN and BPH
- prazosin
- increased HR and AV conduction speed
- quinidine
- dobutamine
- increases HR, SV, CO
- induction anesthetic that causes chest wall rigidity with IV use
- fentanyl
- excitatory via Na influx - direct coupling
- N receptor in CNS
- decrease SA and AV nodal activity, decrease slope of phase 4 in pacemakers
- class II antiarrhythmics
- can exacerbate GI ulcers
- nicotinic acid (hyperlipidemia drug)
- shortest acting benzo
- midazolam
- activates LPL
- fibrates
- antipsychotic dopamine blocker that may cause ocular problems
- chlorpromazine
- phenylephrine (a1)
- decongestant - mydriasis without cycloplegia
- prevents vasospasm in SAH
- nimodipine
- long acting barb used for seizures
- phenobarbital
- SLE syndrome, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, CNS, torsades
- procainamide
- don't use with head injuries, pulmonary dysfunction, hepatic or renal dysfxn, adrenal or thyroid deficiencies, or pregnancy
- opioids
- methoxamine (a1)
- elicits vagal reflex to eliminate paroxysmal atrial tachycardia
- metabolized by n-acetyltransferase to an active metabolite
- procainamide (NAPA)
- ciliary muscle
- M3 receptors
- inhibits GABA transaminase, causes depression, psychosis, visual disturbances
- vigabatrin
- aldosterone antagonist
- spironolactone
- increase action potential duration, ERP, and slows phase 3
- class III antiarrhythmics
- may oppose AchE inhibitors used for myasthenia gravis
- quinidine
- blocks glutamate receptors, facilitates GABA, causes word-finding difficulty
- topiramate
- diuretics that also cause vasodilation
- loops and thiazides
- inhibits MAO-A (NE metab)
- tranylcypromine, phenelzine
- ritodrine (b2 agonist)
- use in premature labor
- rapid onset muscle relaxer, causes increased BP because it is vagolytic
- pancuronium
- Na channel blocker at the collecting duct
- amiloride, triamterene
- increase cerebral vascular flow and inhibit uterine smooth muscle
- inhaled anesthetics
- antihypertensive that acts centrally and is safe in renal failure and pregnancy
- methyldopa
- long acting SSRI
- fluoxetine
- inhibits peripheral AAAD
- carbidopa
- inhibits a Na/Cl cotransporter
- HCTZ
- nonselective irreversible alpha blocker
- phenoxybenzamine
- opioid partial mu agonist, may cause cough suppression and can be combined with other things
- codeine
- rapid onset IV anesthetic that also is antiemetic, used in outpatient surgery
- propofol
- used in acute SVTs
- esmolol
- opioid that is an M blocker, may cause seizures (but no miosis!)
- meperidine
- change in metabolism rate (tolerance type)
- pharmacokinetic tolerance
- not metabolized by the liver (benzo)
- lorezepam, oxazepam
- cause fetal hypotension, renal failure, skull and renal malformations
- ACEi and losartan
- bind to Na channels and keep them permanently open
- ciguatoxin and batrachotoxin
- rebound REM, insomnia, anxiety common on discontinuance
- benzos
- not a benzodiazepine, but binds BZ1 receptor
- zolpidem
- increase heme synthesis, CI in porphyrias
- barbs
- very short duration muscle relaxant, metabolized by plasma pseudocholinesterase
- mivacurium
- antipsychotic that blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors, no extrapyramidal symptoms, but can cause agranulocytosis
- clozapine
- inhibitory via G protein linked to cAMP
- dopamine receptors in CNS
- causes Gi coupled decrease in cAMP in the heart
- adenosine
- DOC for tourette's
- pimozide
- open K channels to reduce HTN
- minoxidil and diazoxide
- causes fetal hydantoin syndrome (cleft lip and palate)
- phenytoin
- iris sphincter
- M3 receptors
- opioid mu blocker that can be used orally in alcoholic craving
- naltrexone
- chronic use can cause increased LDL and triglycerides
- propranolol
- treatment of closed angle glaucoma
- acetazolamide, cholinergics
- causes visual effects (halos)
- digitalis
- converts tyrosine to dopa
- tyrosine hydroxylase
- safe, partial agonist at serotonin 1A receptors
- buspirone
- inhibitory via increased K efflux via cAMP
- M2 receptor in CNS
- SLE syndrome has been reported with this antihyperlipidemic
- statins
- long acting inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, used for methanol poisoning
- fomepizole
- risk of methemoglobinemia
- nitrates or nitrites
- block of slow Na currents
- decreased action potential duration (heart)
- inhibits PDE5
- sildenafil
- short acting barb used for surgical anesthesia induction
- thiopental
- excitatory via decreased K efflux via DAG
- M1 receptor in CNS
- longest acting benzo
- diazepam
- combined alpha and beta blocking
- carvedilol
- possible anterograde amnesia
- benzodiazepines