neuro pharm 2
Terms
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- Halothane
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- inhaled general anesthetics
- bad CV depression and rare hepatitis
- low blood solubility - Isoflurane
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- inhaled general anesthetics
- fewere SE's than halothane
- halogenated methyl ethyl ether, clear, nonflammable, pungent, very potent
- big F/B - Desflurane
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- inhaled general anesthetics
- fewere SE's than halothane
– a fluorinated methyl ethyl ether, very quick induction and recovery
- irritating to lungs so don’t use w/ COPD - Sevoflurane
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- inhaled general anesthetics
- fewere SE's than halothane
– fluorinated methyl ethyl ether, quick induction/recovery
- pleasant to inhale so use for kids
- big F/B
- makes compound A - enflurane
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- inhaled general anesthetics
- fewere SE's than halothane - methoxyflurane
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- inhaled general anesthetics
- high blood solubility
- nephrotox - Compound A
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- made when Sevoflurane interacts w/ CO2 absorbant soda lime
- a potential nephrotoxin
– need fresh gas flows of ≥ 2 L/min w/ sevoflurane - dantrolene
- use in pts w/ malignant hyperthermia to block Ca release from SR
- Barbs that are injectable anesthetics as adjuvants to inhaled
- thiopental, methohexital, & thiamylal
- Propofol
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- injectable anesthetic as adjuvant to inhaled
- pharmacology similar to thiopental
- causes marked decrease in systemic BP and is bad for pts w/ poor CV fcn
- use for short cases w/ same day discharge
– drips also used in ICU for ventilation tolerance - dexmedetomidine
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- injectable anesthetic as adjuvant to inhaled
- α2-adrenergic agonist
- used like propofol - Etomidate
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- injectable anesthetic as adjuvant to inhaled
- carboxymethylated imidazole
– for rapid induction, unconscious in secs and recovery in 3-5 min
– little hypotension, so good alternative to propofol/thiopental in CV disease - Benzo's that are injectable anesthetics as adjuvants to inhaled
- Midazolam (or less-frequently diazepam or lorazepam) for short dental and med procedures, and inducing anterograde amnesia
- Ketamine
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- like PCP – NMDA glutamate R’s
- causes cataleptic state of dissociative anesthesia
- CV stimulant - use in hypovolemic shock
- Postop psychomimetic rxn
- often given w/ benzo like midazolam, esps in peds - opoids that are injectable anesthetics as adjuvants to inhaled
- morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, and remifentanil (all μ’s)
- Fentanyl analogs
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- short-acting alfentanil
- ultra-short-acting remifentanil
- both used for short surgical procedures or painful activities that need little analgesia post-op - Fentanyl w/ droperidol
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- opiod and potent ASY
- can make neuroleptic analgesia, conscious state of analgesia and amnesia
– Adding 65% N2O to mix makes you unconsciousness
- recently black boxed for prolonged QT