World Civ.
Terms
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- spain claimed
- wanted a direct sea route to asia, everything west of the line of demarcation, mostly the americas, us, africa, south america
- monothestic
- one god- duty of individual, worth of the individual and = of people before god.
- Caravel
- ship builders designed a new vessel in the 1400's. It was sturdier and had triangular sails. It was adopted from the Arabs.
- Charles II
- asked to rule, restored monarchy- restoration, ppl cheered, , par debated who would get throne whigs=opp james, tories= for him, two of the first pol. parties
- roundheads
- people who supported parliament (mainly pur.)
- joint stock company
- investors buy shares, many people are involved
- Christopher Coloumbus
- made a daring voyage from Spain. Insteat of sailing around Africa, and then east, he sailed west across atlantic insearch of an alternate trade route to asia and its richest, never reached asia
- mercantilism
- success of a country depends on its wealth
- divine right
- idea that monarches are gods representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to god
- Vasco de Gama
- portuguese explorer, began exploring eastern African coast, Port of Calicut- spices, silks, gems, spices, cargo worth 60 times the voyage
- dutch east india co.
- richer and more powerful than englands company. dutch began to challenge portugal
- mary and william
- over threw James II when will lead army to london and james fled
- cavalier
- or roundheads, loyalists to Charles
- england claimed
- europe, n america and canada, jamestown, pligrims,
- lines of demarcation
- rivalry grew between spain and portugal- Pope Alexander VI- a line dividing north to south- the atlantic ocean,west= spain, mostly the americas, east= portugal
- bill of rights
- limit royal power, say what a ruler can and cant do- no susp. parl laws, no levying taxes w/o grant, no inter. w/ freedom of speech in par, no pentalty for petitions to king of grievences
- why did charles I agree to sign the petition of right
- charles was forced to call on par again, and it refused to grant him money unless he signed the petition of right, he agreed but then ignored it
- english civil war
- charles I opp and supp fought the war, royalist= loyal to him (cavaliers), puritans supp par. and were called roundheads,
- constitutional monarchy
- where laws limited power
- conquistador
- lured by rumors of vast lands filled with gold and silver. The conquistadors carved out colonies in regions that are now Mexico, S. America, and US. They were the first spanish settlers in America. Spanish greatly affected American culture.
- atlantic slave trade
- -a massive enterprise natives were a disadvantage because of diseases, africasn were stronger and good farmers, did not know way so couldnt escape+ dark
- Francisco Pizarro
- marched a small force into South America and conquered the Incan Empire.
- triangular trade
- the transatlantic teading netword along which slaves and other goods were carried between africa, england and europe, the west indies and the colonies in the americas, trans. goods from eur (manufactured) to africa, then traded for slaves, then sold in w. indies, and traded for spices and other goods
- glorious revolution
- bloodless overthrow of king James II by mary and will of orange
- peninsulares
- spanish settlers in america
- what new technology foester/encouraged exploration
- goory, god and gold were motives, new ships, caravels, navigation techniques, astrolabe, compass, by the chinese
- Judaism
- monotheistic- the torah = bible, perfect god, all knowing, all powerful, and eternal, live mortal lives teaches morality, ten commandments
- Astrolabe
- brass circle with carefully adjusted rings marked off in degrees. The rings were used to sight the stars, and the latitude could be calculated.
- what motivated eur. to explore the 15th and 16th centuries
- ready to venture beyond their borders, the renaissance, spirit of adventure and curiosity, desire to grow rich and spread religion, profitable bussiness, spices, goods, glory, god and gold
- portugal claimed
- trading posts along the west coast of africa, s america and africa
- Hernando Cortes
- a spaniard, landed on shored of mexico, colonies caribbean, a conquistador, lured by rumors of gold, conquers the Aztecs in mexico
- elizabeth I
- had problems with parliament, mant over money b/c she was an extravagent spender, she left a huge debt for her successor, James I inherited her unsettled issues
- Islam
- based on the teachings of the prophet muhammad- monotheistic religion- holy book Quran= the holy book, emphasized the dignity of all human beings and the brotherhood of all people. Muslims= followers.
- france claimed
- new france, arica, eupope, north america, great lakes, lousiana
- JamesI
- inherited Eliz I unsettled issues, struggles over money, offended puritans of par. , refused to reform to them
- prince henry
- son of portuglas king, dreamt of oversea exp. founded a navigation school and trained portuguese sailors
- Christianity
- the name of the religion founded by Jesus. His followers taught his new religion based on the messages from him. It spread throught the roman empire. key words- bible, son of god, the messiah, ten commandments etc
- encomienda
- under this system natives were forced to farm, ranch and mine
- puritans
- wanted everything pure- england- all fun = sinful,
- petition of right
- charles I agreed to four points- would not imprison w/o due cause, would not levy taxes w/o par. consent, would not house soldiers, would not impose matrial law in peace, agreed then ignored and dissolved par. high taxes= angry
- netherlands claimed
- new netherlands, manhattan island, henry hudson, bay, strait and river
- absolute monarchy
- complete control with unlimited power, control all aspects of society
- mestizo
- mixed native and spanish
- colonies
- lands that are controlled by other nations
- Charles I
- took place of JamesI when he died, always needed money, war with both spain and france, dissolved parliament. imposed high fees and taxes= unpopular, wanted one religion and money
- colombian exchange
- ships brought back wide variety of goods, fruit and vegetables, and animals, diseases spread too
- James II
- became kings after charles II, offended subj by displaying cath. par opp but he dissolved it. had a daughter mary, who married william of orange, prince of nether.
- oliver cromwell
- neither side +-, puritans found a gen who could win. he created a New model army and began to defeat the cav. held king prisoner, trial for treason, guilty and sentenced to death, publically beheaded fiest time- abolished monarchy to commonwealth, republic gov,. had a const. drafted, promoted puritans ideas, but fav. toleration for all
- cabinet
- group of gov officials or ministers, headed by prime minister
- treaty of tordesillas
- spain and portugal signed this treaty in which they agreed to honor the line suggested by Pope Alexander VI, known as the Line of Demarcation
- capitalism
- private ownership and investment of resources
- Batomolomeau dias
- an early portuguese explorer, motives: to serve god and his majest- god, glory and gold. ventured far down the coast of Africa until they reached the tip. Huge storm, and Dias was blown around other side. He returned home.