Mrs. Birmingham's History Chapters 10 & 11
Terms
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- Date of the Stock Market Crash
- October 29, 1929
- Longest, worst economic crisis in U.S. history
- Great Depression
- Amount of investors' money lost in banks
- 2.5 billion
- Controlled flow of money into American banks
- Federal Reserve
- Money extended in return for a promise to pay later
- Credit
- obligation to pay something to another
- debt
- a general decline in prices
- deflation
- sharp or sustained decline in economic activity
- depression
- total value of final goods or services for a country in one year
- Gross National Product (GNP)
- a general rise in prices
- inflation
- outlay of money for income or profit
- investment
- type of economy in which individuals make decisions about production, etc.
- market economy
- loan contract used to finance home purchases
- mortgage
- the amount of good or services that money can buy
- purchasing power
- modern name for a depression, when the GNP declines for two consecutive quarters
- recession
- share of ownership in a company
- stock
- tax on imported goods
- tariff
- natural disaster that struck the country's midsection
- Dust Bowl
- author of Grapes of Wrath
- John Steinbeck
- Nickname for Dust Bowl victims that migrated to California
- Okies
- Authors of Middletown and the town where the book was based
- Lynd; Muncie, Indiana
- belief in the importance of the individual
- Individualism
- anyone who works hard can become a success
- Horatio Alger myth
- Author of How to Win Friends and Influence People
- Carnegie
- Author, artist of Let us Now Praise Famous Men
- Agee, Evans
- Photographer who captured the horrors of the Great Depression
- Lange
- "Life" photographer
- Bourke-White
- another writer... hmm...
- Caldwell
- Sacco-Vanzetti artist
- Shahn
- "This Land is Your Land"
- Guthrie
- Author of Native Son
- Wright
- Socialist party leader
- Thomas
- NYSE leader, later imprisoned
- Whitney
- big business supporter (head of a utilities company) who was arrested for fraud
- Insull
- radio entertainment shows (4 major ones)
- Benny, Bergen & McCarthy, the North couple, "The Lone Ranger"
- If you got this far, you're more than a third of the way!
- If you got this far, you're more than a third of the way!
- Young blond movie star
- Shirley Temple
- Two commodities that made the movies so popular
- color and sound
- case of white women and hobos against nine black boys, eight of which were sentenced to death but none of which were killed
- Scottsboro case (Alabama)
- Scottsboro boys' lawyer (International Labor Defense)
- Leibowitz
- Scottsboro boy who escaped his work gang
- Patterson
- court case that ended school segregation
- Brown v. Board of Education
- act that established the Farm Board, an agency to stabilize farm prices (Hoover)
- Agricultural Marketing Act
- tax that added protections against foreign competition, and angered Europe
- Hawley-Smoot Tariff
- Year the Austrian bank failed and a depression began in Europe
- 1931
- government bank set up by Hoover that kinda failed
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation
- Head of the RFC
- Jesse Jones
- group of veterans that marched on D.C. in 1932 demanding money promised them after the war
- Bonus Expeditionary Force (Bonus Army)
- General who stopped the Bonus Army's march
- Douglass MacArthur
- Location of the banking crisis shortly before Roosevelt's inauguration
- Detriot, MI
- Project that disributed water and energy across the Southwestern U.S., resulting in the Hoover Dam
- Boulder Canyon Project
- Famous blues singers (3 of 'em are listed in chapter 11)
- Ma Rainey, Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday
- Candidates in the 1932 election
-
Roosevelt: Democrat (NY governor)
Landon: Republican (boring KS guy)
Lemke: Union Party (ND) - program paying farmers to leave 1/4 of their land unused
-
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
1933 - Project that created dams and hydroelectricity in Alabama and surrounding states
-
Tennessee Valley Authority
1933 - law working toward a minimum wage and lowering work laws
-
Naitonal Industrial Recovery Act
1933 - ex-cavalry guy, head of the NRA
- Johnson
- Secretary of the Interior and leader of the PWA
- Ickes
- board (?) that advertised the success of the NIRA
-
National Recovery Administration
1933 - Program that provided construction jobs through pump priming
-
Public Works Administration
1933 - Paying somebody to spend money, thus improving the economy
- pump priming
- law prohibiting commerical banks from buying stocks of financing corporations
-
Glass-Steagall Banking Act
1933 - Insured banks up to $2500 per investor
-
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
1933 - Board for financial market regulation that required companies to publish an annual report
-
Securities & Exchange Corporation
1934 - Head of the SEC
- Joseph Kennedy (JFK's father)
- relief agency-helper founded by FDR
-
Federal Emergency Relief Administration
1933 - Program providing jobs to the unemployed
-
Civil Works Administration
1933 - Gave jobs to men ages 18-25, provided that they send some money back home, wherever home is
-
Civilian Conservation Corps
1933 - group of big businesspeople who opposed the New Deal (mostly the Du Ponts)
- American Liberty League
- law that established moderate social security to be paid by employers and employees
-
Social Security Act
1935 - Project that provided work to artist and writers (including the Federal Writers Project, Federal Art Projects)
-
Works Progress Administration
1935 - Union based on specialization
- American Federation of Labor
- Union for unskilled workers, originally part of the AFL
- Congress of Industrial Organizations
- law regulating the unions
-
Wagner Act
1934 - board that enforced union laws
-
National Labor Relations Board
1933 - law that set a national minimum wage and limited hours that was NOT turned down by the Supreme Court
-
Fair Standards Act
1938 - Trained students (black or white) to be able to get better jobs
-
National Youth Administration
1935 - Provided bank loans to build and repair houses
-
Federal Housing Administration
1934 - four-day bank "holiday" during which FDR closed all the banks in the country to root out the lousy ones
-
Emergency Banking Act
1933 - program that acted much like the CCC, except for Indians
-
Indian Emergency Conservation Program
1933 (I think it's 1933) - A law passed to guarantee Natives at least a little land a right to work, etc.
-
Indian Reorganization Act
1934 - program that helped Mexican Migrant workers by providing camps for them to use
- Farm Security Administration
- FDR's ridiculous notion that he could rearrange the Supreme Court to fit his New Deal
- court-packing plan
- Leader of the United Mine Workers and the CIO
- Lewis
- Louisiana senator nicknamed the "Kingfish"
- Long
- Leader of the FERA and WPA, friend of Eleanor Roosevelt's
- Hopkins
- Journalist hired by Hopkins to write about the lives of the victims of the Depression
- Hickok
- Early supporter of social security in the form of monthly payments to the elderly
- Townsend
- Popular radio speaker who attacked big business and sometimes Jews; founded the National Union for Social Justice
- Fr. Coughlin
- black woman involved in the CIO's United Laundry Workers Union
- Macon
- Chief Justice and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court who changed their minds about the New Deal
- Evans Hughes, Roberts
- postmaster general who correctly predicted a Democrat victory in every state but Maine and Vermont
- Farley
- British economist whose motto was something to the effect of, "the more you spend, the faster you recover"
- Keynes
- black educator who was very involved in the NYA
- Bethune
- commissioner of Indian Affairs
- Collier
- 1st female in the presidential cabinet, secretary of labor; wanted protection for women, but not necessarily equality
- Perkins