Psychology Lesson 1
Terms
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- Psychology
- The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.
- Psychoanalysis
- Personality theory and form of psychotherapy that emphasizes the role of unconscious factors in personality and behavior.
- Behaviorism
- School of pyschology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes the study of oberservable behaviors, especially as they pertain to the process of learning.
- Humanistic Psychology
- School of psychology and theoretical viewpoint that emphasizes each person's unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction.
- Wilhelm Wundt
- A German physiologist who is generally credited as being the founder of psychology. Founded the first psychology research laboratory in 1879.
- Signmund Freud
- An Austrian physician who developed the personality theory based on uncovering the hiden, or uncounscious, causes of behavior. Largely credited as making psychology a household word. Recognized as one of the most influential thinkers of the twentieth century.
- Ivan Pavlov
- A Russian physiologist whose pioneering work led to the creation of behaviorism.
- B.F. Skinner
- An American psychologist who is famous for his study of observable behaviors and experiments using reinforcement and punishment to shape behavior.
- Carl Rogers
- An American psychologist who is credited with the development of humanistic psychology and the emphasis on each person's individual potential.
- Cognitive Psychology
- The branch of psychology that investigates mental processes, including reasoning and thinking, problem solving, memory, perception, mental imagery, and language.
- Developmental Psychology
- The branch of psychology that studies the physical, social, and psychological changes that occur over the lifespan.
- Personality Psychology
- The branch of psychology that examines individual differences and the characteristics that make each person unique.
- Health Psychology
- The branch of psychology that focuses on the role of psychological facotrs in the development, prevention, and treatment of illness.
- Clinical Psychology
- A specialty area of psychology that studies the causes, treatment, and prevention of different types of psychological disorders.
- Experimental Psychology
- A term traditionally used to describe reasearch focused on basic topics, such as sensory processes or principals of learning. However, psychologists in every field conduct research and perform experiments.
- Industrial/Organizational Psychology
- A specialty area of psychology that is concerned with the relationship between people and work. Includes such topics as worker productivity, job satisfaction, and personnel testing and selection.
- Social Psychology
- Explores how people are affected by their social environments, including how people think about and influence others.
- Biological Psychology
- A specialty area of psychology that focuses on the relationship between behavior and the body's physical systems.
- Educational Psychology
- A specialty area of psychology that studies how people learn. Develops instructional methods and materials.
- Evolutionary Psychology
- The application of principles of evolution, including natural selection, to explain psychological processes and phenomena.
- Cross-Cultural Psychology
- Branch of psychology that studies the effects of culture on behavior and mental processes.