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- succeeded Lincoln
- Andrew Johnson
- abolished slavery
- 13th amendment
- organization to help freed slaves and poor whites with food, clothes, job-training, education, medical help
- freedmen's bureau
- act gave blacks citizenshiiip and forbade states from passing discriminatory laws
- Civil rights bill
- 1866, Republican leader
- Thaddeus Stevens
- made blacks citizens, gave equaal protection under law and states would not deny life, liberty or property
- 14th amendment
- stated presidents could not remove cabinet officers they didn't appoint without 2/3 of senate approval
- tenure of office act
- secretary of war that Andrew Johnson fired
- edwin stanton
- stated no one can be kept from voting because of race, color or having been a slave
- 15th amendement
- farmland rented and owner provided nothing for farmers
- tenant farming
- secret society was formed in tennessee in 1866
- Ku Klux Klan
- formed KKK
- Nathan Bedford Forest
- white southerners who joined republican party and supported industrialization in the south
- scalawags
- northerners who moved to the south to take advantage of poor economic conditions or to help the newly freed slaves
- carpetbaggers
- act allowed the president to declare martial law inthe south whereever KKK was active
- force acts of 1870-71
- refers to the internal revnue collects who defrauded the federal gov. out of whiskey taxes
- whiskey ring
- established segregation on/in public facilities
- jim crow laws
- series of laws that restricted the rights of blacks
- black codes
- 16th president, known for Civil War, emancipation proclamation, homestead act, assasination
- abraham lincoln
- secret organization of white men in the reconstruction period, organized in New Orleans
- Knights of the White Cammellia
- returned the right to vote and the right to hold fed and state offices to former confeds
- amnesty act
- 1876 (Democrat) governor of NY, won the popular vote but lost his presidency
- samuel J. tilden
- upheld law stating segregated by equal constitutional
- plessy vs. ferguson
- selected griends of grants used their power for their own benefits, credit mobilier, whiskey ring, belknap accepted bribes
- Grant's corruption
- Feb. 24th 1868 impeached for Tenure of Office Act
- Johnson's impeachement
- ohio congressman (R) who won 1880 election
- James A. Garfield
- ran against Garfield as Democrat 1880
- Winfield Scott Hancock
- assassinated Garfield on July 2nd, 1881
- Charles Guiteau
- created civil service commission in 1883, supposed to create exams and administer them instead of spoils
- Pendleton Act
- democratic governor of NY who won 1884 and 1892 elections
- Grover Cleveland
- cabinet position created in 1889
- Secretary of Agriculture
- defeated Cleveland in the election of 1888
- Benjamin Harrison
- populist candidate that ran in 1888
- James B. Weaver
- republican, won 1896 elections
- William McKinley
- known as Front Porch Campaigner, backed by marcus Hanna's machine
- William McKinley
- democrat 1896, religious "Cross of Gold"
- William J. Bryan
- Pasted 2- 4 million dollars of silver to money, supposed to drive prices in order to help farmers
- 1878 Bland-Allison Act
- favored bimettalism and wanted more money to be accessible to the farmer
- Free Silverities
- favored gold standard because it was stable
- Gold Bugs
- hurt farmers and was very unpopular
- McKinley Tariff Act of 1890
- dropped the rate of tariffs of many things by less than 2%
- Tariff of 1883
- bought or drove out competition; used integration operation to become successful
- Andrew Carnegie
- What did Andrew Carnegie's company make?
- Steel
- book Andrew Carnegie wrote in 1901 that said that the wealthy have power and responsibility to fix social problems
- Gospel of Wealth
- 1882; idea to control all areas of production helped him become wealthy
- John D. Rockefeller
- What did Rockefeller make?
- Oil, Standard Oil Trust
- men like Carnegie and Rockefeller who controlled monopolies were called...
- Robber Barons of captains of industry
- trust or other combinations of businesses that restricted trade were illegal
- 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act
- philosopher, thought of idea of social darwinism
- Herbert Spencer
- felt that society should use government to control economy and big business
- Lester Frank Ward
- developed first sleeper car, which was named after him
- George Pullman
- owners of uniion pacific RR started own construction company and gave themselves the contract to build their RR, made millions in illegal profits that was shared by congressmen
- Credit Mobilier
- he founded social organization for farm families but became a way to express grievances
- Oliver Kelly and the Grange
- 1877 court case; Granger laws found to be constitutional
- Munn vs. Illinois
- 1887 overturned Munn vs. Illinois because only fed. government has power to regulate interstate commerce
- Wabashe case
- created to regulate railroads and created the interstate commerce commission
- Interstate Commerce Act
- regulates carriers engaged in transportation between states
- Interstate Commerce Commission
- father of the skyscraper
- Lewis Sullivan
- author of "How the other half lives"
- Jacob Riis
- took pictures of tenement living to show plight of the poor immigrant population
- how the other half lives
- american capitalist, helped get McKinley elected, financial boss
- Marcus Hanna
- New York City Tweed Ring boss, controlled city democratic party
- Boss Tweed
- drew for the Harper's Weekly and Time and made Booss Tweed an international joke
- Thomas Nast
- enacted quotas aimed at Southeastern Europeans, only 2% of population allowed into the US
- Imigration aact of 1924
- agreeement between US and Japan, restricted Japaneses immigration to only those who had already been tot he US or had relatives in the US
- Gentlemen's Agreement 1907-108
- 1880's called for use of literacy tests for immigrants, must be able to read. write 40 words
- Imigration Restriction League
- a 10 year suspension of Chinese imigration, 1st fed. law ending entry for idea of endangered good of others
- Chinese Exclusion Act
- democratic political organization in NYC, associated in late 1800s and early 1900s with corruption and abuse of power
- Tammany Hall
- american social worker who founded Hull House , 1st social settlement served as community center
- Jane Addams
- US clergy man and social reformer
- Walter Rauschenbusch
- international organization for philanthropic work
- Salvation Army
- union founded by william sylvis and advocated 8 hour workday
- national labor union
- agreement not to join a labor union
- yellow-dog contract
- list exchanged among employers with people's names to be barred from employment because of many reasons
- blacklists
- members of privileged, established white upper middle class in teh US
- WASPS
- 1886 violent riot that started as a demonstration for an 8 hour workday
- Haymarket Affair
- suggested use of politics to solve problems instead of strikes
- Uriah Stephens
- labor union suggested use of politics to solve problems
- Knights of Labor
- Samuel Gompers founded labor union
- American Federation of Labor
- founded American Federation of Labor
- Samuel Gompers
- organizations formed together with the unions, focused on collective bargaining
- American Federation of Labor
- American Railway Union; radical socialist that had the first attempt at industrial unionism
- Eugene V. Debs
- association organized in Chicago for making a big railway trade-union
- American Railway Union
- founder of Industrial Workers of the World (Wobblies)
- "Big Bill" Haywood
- US socialogist, secretary of Labor
- Frances Perkins
- light bulb and electric motors
- Thomas Edison
- Philadelphia Centennial Exposition
- Alexander Graham Bell
- phone
- Alexander Graham Bell
- typewriter
- Christopher Sholes
- coal refining and manufacturing techniques
- William Kelly and Henry Bessemer
- oil drilling- producred first oil well in the US
- Edwin Drake
- a leader of woman's suffrage, started women's rights convention in Seneca Falls
- Elizabeth Cady Stanton
- social reformer, writer, first president of the New England Woman Suffrage Association
- Julia Ward Howe
- one of the most improtant workers for suffrage, first woman to keep her own name after marriage
- Lucy stone
- American Journalist, tried to reconcile NOrth and South
- "New South" Henry Grady
- Tuskegee Institute - founder and principal of Tuskegee, taught specific trades
- Booker T. Washington
- The Souls of Black Folks - cofounder of NAACP
- W.E.B Du Bois
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
- NAACP
- selected friends of grants used their power for their own benefits, credit mobilier, whiskey ring, belknap accepted bribes
- Grant's Corruption
- worst factory fire, owners had locked the doors and fire began and they couldn't escape
- Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
- group that believed confed states seceded from union, confed territory of U.S. under jurisdiction of congress
- radical republicans
- most famous speech by Henry Grady
- "The New South"
- 1876 (Republican), won disputed election known as "his fraudulency"
- Rutherford B. Hayes
- revived the knights of Labor, 1879
- Terence Powderly
- plantation divided land among several workers and workers give owner 2/3 of crops
- sharecropping
- what General Sherman had promised freed slaves, background for why former slaves were given land
- 40 acres and a mule
- controlled New York City party by buying votes and defrauding city
- Tweed Ring, NY
- 1863 granted pardons to all confeds who swear oath to union and obey laws
- Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
- created by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, goal of securing women's suffrage
- National Women Suffrage Association
- called for more equal distribution of wealth based on single tax system
- Henry George
- Garfield's vice president
- Chester A. Arthur
- 1864 Radical plan with congress; job of reconstruction state majority of people on voters must swear oath in order to send representatives to congress
- Wade-Davis Bill
- Democrat running for office in 1868, lost to Grant
- Horatio Seymour
- ideas of survival of the fittest applied to the business world
- Social Darwinism
- passed 4.5 million dollars worth of silver to improve economic conditions
- 1890 Sherman Silver Purchase Act
- worker who refused to join a labor union, or participate in a union strike, who takes the striking workers place on the job
- scabs
- Lincoln's Administration; Railroads over 20 million acres and $60 million
- Pacific Railway Act
- secretary of war, accepted bribes from merchants in the indian territory who wanted special concessions
- William Belknap
- National Labor Union; founded 8 hour workday
- William Sylvis
- lowered duties by 10%; called for income tax of 2% over $4000; declared unconstitutional (1895)
- Wilson-Gorman Tariff of 1894
- divided south into 5 military districts, civilian courts replaced with military tribunals
- First Reconstruction Act
- labor union by the workers in the garment industry
- International Ladies Garment Union
- most violent strikes, occurred when Carnegie Steel announced pay cuts
- Homestead Strike (1892)
- won election of 1868 by beating Horatio Seymour (Democrat)
- Ulysses S. Grant